Browsing by Author "Thompson, Mary Lou"

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    The body count : using routine mortality surveillance data to drive violence prevention
    (2012) Matzopoulos, Richard; Myers, J E; Thompson, Mary Lou
    This thesis describes the conceptualisation, development and implementation of a mortuary-based system for the routine collection of information about homicide. It traces the evolution of the system from its conceptualisation in 1994, through various iterations as a city-level research tool, to a national sentinel system pilot, as a multicity all-injury surveillance system, and finally its institutionalisation as a provincial injury mortality surveillance system in the Western Cape. In so doing, it demonstrates that the data arising from medico-legal post-mortem investigations described in this thesis were an important source of descriptive epidemiological information on homicide. The 37,037 homicide records described in the thesis were drawn from Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth and Pretoria, for which the surveillance system maintained full coverage from 2001 to 2005. The aim was to apply more complex statistical analysis and modelling than had been applied previously.
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    Performance characteristics of the South African Triage Scale (Adult version)
    (2011) Twomey, Michèle; Myers, Jonny; Wallis, Lee; Thompson, Mary Lou
    The South African Triage Scale (SATS) was first implemented as an emergency centre triage scale in the Western Cape Province in 2006. This thesis describes the performance characteristics of the SATS when used by different levels of health care workers in Emergency Centres in the province. It explores the most appropriate methods for reliability and validity appraisal and demonstrates good performance characteristics, including reliability and validity. The results chapter of the thesis is presented in the form of published or submitted papers. The thesis concludes that the SATS has good performance characteristics, which supports the feasibility of further implementation in similar settings. It is suggested that this emergency centre triage scale be endorsed and adopted at National Health care level.
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    Stimulation of bone healing in new fractures of the tibial shaft using interferential currents
    (1994) Fourie, Jeanette Ann; Bowerbank, Patricia; Thompson, Mary Lou; Marks, Richard
    The aims . of this research were twofold, firstly to find out if interferential currents could reduce the healing time for fractures of the tibia and thereby prevent nonunion and secondly to develop a model which could predict nonunion, given the subject characteristics such as race, mechanism of injury, severity of fracture etc. Subjects, males only between the ages of 12 and 86, who had sustained fractures of the tibiae were entered into this double blind clinical trial on admission to the orthopaedic wards at Groote Schuur Hospital (between January 1989 and October 1991). According to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final sample of 227 cases (208 subjects) were entered by block randomisation into three groups; an experimental group (n=41), placebo group (n=35) and control group (n= 151). lnterferential currents were applied to the experimental group via suction electrodes for, 30 minutes per day for 10 days, using a beat frequency of 10 - 25 Hz and a swing mode of 6 ϟ 6. The placebo group had the suction electrodes applied which produce a rhythmical massage effect. Subjects commented on pain relief which resulted in the addition of the control group as a check on the possible effect of suction, the control group received no intervention. The data were analysed firstly, by using the ANOV A with continuous covariates which resulted in a finding of no significant difference in the time taken to union for the three groups. The second statistical analysis using the same data set, were logistic regression models demonstrating risk factors for nonunion within 24, 32 and 40 weeks. These models were then validated, showing sensitivity and specificity for a variety of possible cutoffs. The conclusions reached about the validity of these models were that they could not be used to predict, accurately enough, those cases where surgical intervention would be necessary; however, for low cost non-invasive intervention they may have value.
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    Violence, alcohol and symptoms of depression and in Cape Town's poorest communities: results of a community survey
    (2018-04-20) Cassidy, Tali; Lloyd, Sam; Bowman, Brett; Myers, J E; Parry, Charles; Makanga, Tatenda; Corrigall, Joanne; Thompson, Mary Lou; Matzopoulos, Richard
    Introduction This paper summarises key findings from the first of three household surveys conducted in three high-violence areas in the Cape Town, investigating community members’ experiences of alcohol use, their built environment, violence and symptoms of depression, together with their views on alcohol and other interventions. Methods A stratified random sample of 1500 dwellings, 1200 in Khayelitsha and 300 in Gugulethu and Nyanga (“Gunya”) was selected using GIS address data for formal areas and aerial photography for informal areas. Fieldwork took place from July to November 2013. Responses to questions were summarized by area, gender, age and formal vs. informal settlement type. Results After substitution and data cleaning, 1213 Khayelitsha households and 286 Gunya households were included. In Gunya, 29% of respondents reported that they or their family members had been affected by at least one violent crime (murder, assault, domestic violence, rape) in the past year, compared with 12% in Khayelitsha. Using a CES-D-10 cut-off of 10, 44% of respondents were classified as depressed. More than half the respondents reported having experienced some form of alcohol nuisance. Respondents were supportive of alcohol interventions such as increased taxes and police regulation of outlets, particularly in Gunya (87%) and amongst female respondents (76%). Satisfaction with infrastructure such as street lighting and drainage was generally low. Conclusions The results describe the co-occurring burdens of alcohol and drug use, violence, depression and deprivation in our study populations.