Browsing by Author "Smith, Gretchen"

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    An investigation into the knowledge management practices and challenges in an international non-governmental network of organisations : a case study of One World International
    (2007) Lumba, Patricia Mweene Haamujompa; Smith, Gretchen
    Knowledge management will support activities that improve the performance of organizations and organization networks due to the known benefits of collaborating. Although knowledge management is deemed to be vital for organizations, no uniform model of practice exists for any organization. This condition can also be ascribed to the scarcity of information on Knowledge management practices, experiences, role models and general concerns. Concerns of the critical role knowledge management can play in NGOs, including NGO networks; due to their complex structures have often been addressed. These concerns include among others the priority given to external action and the client versus internal administration work and results analysis; structural high turnover among staff, volunteers and donors; the lightness of the permanent structure and the performance of field activities in a situation and climate of emergency and orllack of funds, and/or in stressed or disorganized environments. This report is based on the outcomes of a study that explored the knowledge management practices and challenges in an international NGO network; OneWorld International (OWl). The investigation constituted comparative case studies of two centres (one in Zambia and the other in the Netherlands) belonging to a single international network. An empirically grpunded framework of knowledge management practices based on the taxonomy proposed by Holsapple and Joshi was utilised as the reference framework for the study. The framework provided guidelines to characterize factors that influence organizational knowledge management; knowledge manipulation activities (processes) and organizational knowledge resources. The study uses two approaches: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative approach, which was used in the preliminaiy stage of the data collection exercise, provided an in-depth interpretation by means of open-ended interviewing of the knowledge management issues that needed to be grasped. The qualitative approach was complemented by a quantitative approach using a Likert scale based on attitude statements. The attitude statements were developed from the responses obtained during the open interviews. The quantitative approach also provided the means to make comparisons between the centres and provided the results of opinions, beliefs and attitudes of the respondent's knowledge management perceptions. The results of the empirical study confirm that a variety of factors affect knowledge management behaviours in NGO networks. These factors include managerial and internal controls such as management styles and incentives for knowledge creation and sharing; resource influences; and environbental influences relating to an organization's culture and the needs of partner organizations. The study highlights important variation in diversity, gaps and perceptions in managing knowledge between centres in the network that are based in Europe and Africa. This is despite significant commonality in knowledge management processes and infrastructures. The results further show that institutionalisation of knowledge management practices within a network seem to enable or constrain knowledge management at centre and network level. Recommendations are proposed to improve knowledge management practices at local and international level and include enhanced technical and advisory services at international level; capacity building; creating greater awareness of knowledge management; decentralization of knowledge management processes; implementation of a knowledge management strategy at network level and improving relationships between centres. The research concludes that networked NGOs and specifically OWl could operate more efficiently and incrementally enhance service provision by leveraging their knowledge resources more effectively. It is in this light that knowledge management practices should be examined in NGOs and particularly networks with their complex structures and attendant reoccurring and unavoidable problems.
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    Assessing information needs of users of the Career Information Centre (CIC), UCT : working towards a framework for promoting better use of career services, in particular, resources in the CIC
    (2003) Thupe, Benjamin O; Smith, Gretchen
    This study is an assessment of the career information needs of users of the Career Information Centre (CIC), at the University of Cape Town. The study was conducted because it was clear to the CIC staff that the CIC was under-utilised by the student community. A thorough investigation of the literature on career needs and needs assessment was conducted in order to get an overview of issues that would characterise the study.
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    An assessment of knowledge use and knowledge management maturity among the micro, small and meduim enterprise sector in Zambia
    (2013) Sikazwe, Dennis; Smith, Gretchen
    The focus of this study was to establish the knowledge use and Knowledge Management (KM) maturity among the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Sector in Zambia. This is a domain that has received little attention in the Zambian business and economics literature, partially because of the newness of KM as a business concept. Knowledge Management is a very important aspect as far as innovation and competitiveness are concerned in the knowledge economy. Since the inception of the open market economy in Zambia in 1992 and the move to diversify Zambia's national economy from state control into private hands, the MSMEs still seem to be struggling with lack of innovation and competitiveness. Despite several attempts to boost the sector's viability, little success has been recorded.
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    An exploration of disaster management in libraries in the greater Cape Metropolitan area
    (1996) Morgan, Gillian Gladys; Ivey, D L; Smith, Gretchen
    Disaster management and planning has traditionally been a neglected field in librarianship, and, thus this research study was undertaken to explore and evaluate the present situation regarding disaster planning amongst research/academic- and public libraries in the Greater Cape Metropolitan Area, which includes the Cape Metropolitan Area and the adjacent Stellenbosch region, and to make recommendations in this regard. A model disaster plan was developed, using the information gained from this study, to act as a guideline for libraries in the development of disaster plans.
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    Implementation of a content management system at the Stellenbosch University an exploratory investigation
    (2012) Steele, Dianne; Smith, Gretchen
    This dissertation reports on an exploratory investigation into the implementation of an enterprise content management system for the Stellenbosch University, one of four higher education institutions in the Western Cape, South Africa. The primary focus of this study was to conduct a needs-analysis of how the University could effectively address the website and portal information needs of its users through the implementation of a content management system. This study sought to understand the current perspectives and information needs of users of the university's corporate website, as well as the staff and student portals, and to propose ways in which the University can manage its content assets to address these needs. More specifically, the question asked was: How Stellenbosch University could address the information needs of its users by implementing a content management system?
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    Implementing knowledge management in academic libraries : a comparative case study of the Kamuzu College of Nursing and Bunda College of Agriculture libraries
    (2011) Namondwe, Trevor; Smith, Gretchen
    This dissertation focuses on an investigation that was conducted to find out the state of knowledge management in the Kamuzu College of Nursing and Bunda College of Agriculture libraries, constituent college libraries of the University of Malawi. Drawing from the literature on knowledge management, the study proposed and implemented two models for the maturity assessment and implementation of knowledge management respectively. The study used the models successfully to measure the levels of maturity of knowledge management and identify the knowledge needs and knowledge assets of the libraries. The results of the study revealed that both libraries are at the same level of knowledge management maturity i.e. knowledge management is still in its infancy as they did not have clearly established strategies to make use of knowledge. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two libraries in the various aspects of knowledge management investigated. The study therefore recommended a road map for implementing knowledge management in the libraries. Knowledge management is recognised by many organisations of strategic importance to improving an organisation?s performance and its competitive advantage. Knowledge management thus has been largely associated with profit making organisations. However, knowledge management is also applicable to non-profit making organisations such as academic libraries. The environment in which academic libraries operate continuously changes and it is therefore imperative for the libraries to use knowledge management as a tool to adapt and remain relevant.
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    Information management and dissemination of HIV/AIDS information by NGOs in Zimbabwe: An explanatory study
    (2005) Matizirofa, Lazarus; Smith, Gretchen
    The HIV/AIDS epidemic has become a serious health, social and economic problem in Zimbabwe. Almost 30 percent of the population had been infected by AIDS (Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome) by 2004. The epidemic has also affected almost the entire population in one way or another - domestically, socially and economically. Zimbabwe faces a long-term development disaster because of the effects of the disease across the societal spectrum. AIDS is threatening every fibre of the nation from food supply to economic productivity, and not least human resource development. Many households have lost their principal source of income to the disease and have become impoverished. The national budget is increasingly under pressure as scarce resources are channelled to fight the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Despite a multitude of interventions aimed at preventing the scourge of the epidemic on the health system, the economy and human development, HIV/AIDS still presents a problem of enormous magnitude in Zimbabwe. It is argued that a major limitation of the various interventions to fight the pandemic has been the failure to extensively and effectively harness knowledge and disseminate information relating to all aspects of HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe. The NGO sector, because of its grassroots involvement with the disease, is particularly well placed to fulfil such a role. The main aim of this study was to explore information and knowledge management and dissemination by HIV/AIDS NGOS in Zimbabwe. A further objective was to identity in the literature strategies that have been used, vis-a-vis modern information and knowledge management practice, in cognate sectors of development in Zimbabwe and other countries. It is argued that by applying appropriate information and knowledge management practices valuable knowledge and information that relate to how communities experience the problems and the impact associated with HlV/AIDS can be gathered and disseminated. Information and knowledge management is recommended by the United Nations' UNAIDS as the best way to harness both tacit and explicit information related to all aspects of the epidemic. A survey was conducted amongst 64 HIV/AIDS NGOs based in Harare, Zimbabwe. Data was collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, and observation methods, and this was further supported by data collected from documentary and electronic sources. The main outcome of the study indicates that information and knowledge management is generally not well practised in the HIV/AIDS NGO sector in Zimbabwe. This is despite the fact that 75% of the NGOs had information services in place. Far too few qualified staff have been appointed to manage information services and this lack of professional skills has had a negative impact on HIV/AIDS information dissemination. It is argued that in a society such as in Zimbabwe, effective information dissemination measures are needed to assist social, economic and scientific interventions. It was further established that a sound information and knowledge management policy, and information technology developments were needed to address the information service challenges. The other main outcome showed that NGOS were not networking effectively among themselves, with government and other role players such as the private sector, educational institutions and churches, etc. Lastly, there was a strong indication that information technology, i.e., computers and accessories, the Internet, intranets, databases and audio-visuals, etc.. were not fully utilised, this is despite the fact that in other countries they have been very effective to assist in the creation, generation, gathering and diffusion of information. Based on the research outcomes, the researcher thus proposes that information and knowledge management practices should be set in place in the HIV/AIDS sector of Zimbabwe. NGOs should ensure that information services are run and manned by skilled and trained information officers. It is also suggested that government should be encouraged to become more involved and complement the work done by NGOs by reviewing the 1985 NLDS Act and other policy instruments. The study further recommends that, HIV/AIDS NGOs should work towards networking and providing a single shared dissemination source to the public, such as a national database, which would be hosted via a web-based internet portal. This would also enable NGOs to explore further networking efforts such as communities of practice (expert forums), a national HIV/AIDS bibliography and electronic publishing.
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    The information needs of attorneys in a large South African law firm
    (2005) Riley, Diana; Smith, Gretchen
    This paper reports the results of a study, which was carried out to investigate the information needs of the attorneys in a large South African law firm. The survey research method was employed and a single survey conducted within a particular time-span. Two methods of data collection were employed, namely the analysis of documentary sources and questioning. A combination of self-administered questionnaires and interviews were used to gather the data. The questionnaire designed by the researcher consisted of closed and open-ended questions and a rating scale was used where appropriate to enable the respondents to express their opinions or strength of preferences. The majority of the questions included a general response category that made it possible for respondents to enter other relevant data and personal observations. The questionnaire was sent to all the Bowman Gilfillan attorneys via electronic mail. The email, which included the questionnaire as a MSWord attachment, introduced and explained the purpose of the questionnaire. All questions incorporated in the questionnaire were subjected to cross-tabulation to establish the impact of the independent or classification variables on the dependent variables. The following variables were considered during cross-tabulation: respondent's age, position in the firm and number of years experience as attorney. To establish which results were significant the Pearson chi-square statistical test was applied to all bivariate relations. Results that yielded a chi-square statistic below the .01 significance level were rejected. This study sought to investigate why the attorneys need work-related information, what type of work-related information they require, which sources and systems of information they use and what the factors are that influence their information-seeking behaviour. As a law librarian, the researcher also investigated the role of the law librarian and library in the provision of work-related information to the attorneys. The findings revealed that the attorneys required access to work-related information to provide a legal service to their clients and that their most important information need is to establish the current status of the law and to keep up-to-date with the latest legal developments. The attorneys made use of various informal and personal sources of information (e.g. colleagues) and the library and required access to primary and secondary sources of law as well as non-legal information. The findings also indicated that the attorneys required quick and easy access to current and accurate information and that factors such as age, number of years experience as an attorney and position in the law firm appeared to influence the use of the various sources and systems of information as the younger, less experienced attorneys had a greater need for the various sources and systems of information. The study also found that law librarians and libraries undoubtedly have an important role to play in the provision of work related information.
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    The information needs of lecturers at the Cape Technikon and the ability of the Technikon Library to meet those needs
    (1986) Kerkham, Andrew Summers; Smith, Gretchen
    Although the precursors of the South African technikons date back almost one hundred years, they became post-secondary institutions as recently as 1967. Their libraries have therefore had to be upgraded recently to meet the required educational level. With the technikon movement being so young, there has been little formal investigation of the information needs of the libraries' users. An investigation was therefore conducted into the information needs of lecturers at the Cape Technikon and the ability of the Library to meet those needs. The literature was examined and models formulated to clarify the concepts involved in (a) information and its communication, (b) users and their information needs, and (c) the evaluation of library services in their attempts to meet those needs. Previous studies were also examined to determine what variables should be examined. Various methodologies for an empirical investigation were considered; the survey method was chosen as most appropriate, and a questionnaire was developed to elicit lecturers' self assessment of the importance of specified information needs and their opinion of the Library's ability to meet those needs. Weighted average and percentage proportions were calculated and were used in producing tabulations of the data, profiles line graphs, histograms and pie charts. The data were then examined for inter-relationships; the results were compared with the results of previous surveys, and conclusions were drawn. The chief findings were that (a) discipline and work activity were the most important independent variables to influence information need; (b) work activity was determined largely by the need for technikon lecturers to change their subject fairly frequently, and by the low level of research at the time of the investigation; (c) the Library was an important source of information to the lecturers, and they were generally satisfied with the Library's services; (d) citation services were being under-utilised; (e) the Library proved to be inadequate in providing for a strong demand for monographs and for very recently published literature, in providing sufficient work and study space, and in providing adequate resources for research purposes. As a result the following recommendations were made: (a) the Library should provide a comprehensive literature searching and current awareness service for the many lecturers who were having to prepare lectures in new subject areas; (b) because of the importance of the Library to lecturers, it must be adequately staffed and financed; (c) attention must be given to the Library's ability to provide recently published literature, which may necessitate a reconsideration of the current collection development pol icy; (d) research must be encouraged, and the Library upgraded to provide the necessary resources for research.
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    Information, women's health and development : strategies for information provision in Africa
    (1998) Kanyengo, Christine; Smith, Gretchen
    The literature relating to women's health in Africa focuses on health information seeking needs. It rarely focuses on how women's health information needs link to the development of the continent. The dissertation examines the interrelationships between women's health information needs and development. The study sought to establish the significance of information to women's health and development. In order to validate this link the study employed three data collection techniques - documentary research, interviews and electronic mail questionnaires. In illustrating that there is a relationship between women's health and development, the study argues that women's empowerment can only be achieved where sufficient information is provided for women to make informed independent decisions concerning health issues that affect them. This relates especially to when to have children; how to protect themselves against AIDS, what the early warning signals of breast and cervical cancer are, and how best to look after their children and the community at large. The study further argues that these types of challenges can only be met with an efficient and effective health information service that is both gender sensitive and context specific to the African continent.
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    An investigation into the practices, procedures, and challenges of knowledge management in government -owned organizations in Kenya
    (2007) Ondari-Okemwa, Ezra M; Smith, Gretchen; Underwood, Peter G
    Knowledge management has been burgeoning in importance during the last one and half decades. Both profi;t making and non-profit making organizations have had to and continue to embrace and practice knowledge management. This study was set with the broad aim of investigating the practices, procedures and challenges of managing knowledge in Kenya's govemment-owned organizations. The specific objectives of the study from which research questions were formulated were: to assess the extent to which government-owned organizations practice knowledge management, find out the extent to which the organizations are "learning organizations", establish how the organizations determine the knowledge they require and the formats in which it should be delivered, find out whether and the extent to which individual organizational members in the organizations are motivated to contribute to knowledge creation and sharing, and discover the major managerial challenges and problems that the organizations face in managing knowledge. The scope of this study was limited to government-owned organizations (parastatals) in Kenya operating in environments considered to be information intensive and whose organizational structures are similar.
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    An investigation of the role played by the Botswana Technology Centre (BOTEC) library in supporting the engineer's information requirements
    (2006) Dilebanye, Oonayang Ntsite Phyllis; Smith, Gretchen
    This research project has confirmed that the BOTEC library is adequately satisfying the basic information requirements of its users. It further indicates that there is, however, a need for the library to more vigorously adopt newer technologies and respond to other environmental changes in order for the library to fully fulfill its role in supporting the engineers' information requirements. The dissertation concludes with recommendations and strategies that the researcher suggests the BOTEC library could adopt to ensure a more user-centric and improved service.
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    Knowledge sharing practices in academic libraries with special reference to the Unisa Library
    (2013) Mayekiso, Nozibele; Smith, Gretchen
    In recent years it has been acknowledged that the practice of knowledge management can play an important role to ensure an organisation’s competitive edge within an industry. This study focuses on knowledge sharing practices in university libraries with special reference to the Unisa Library. The aim of the research project was therefore to establish whether the Unisa Library is receptive to knowledge sharing practices,whether there is a need for knowledge management and more specifically for a knowledge sharing strategy. Thus the objective was to establish the extent to which knowledge sharing practices occur among professional library staff, albeit unknowingly, in their daily activities.The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. A questionnaire was delivered in person to professional librarians while interviews were conducted with managers from the various directorates of the library. The questions explored the knowledge sharing practices, including challenges within the library. They were based on internationally accepted knowledge management themes which include the role of leadership, organisational structure, organisational culture,technology, processes in enabling the effective practice of knowledge management.
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    Library funding : a study to identify reliable and equitable sources of public library funding in Kenya
    (2005) Chebon, Philemon Kiprop; Smith, Gretchen
    The premise from which this research project begins is that public libraries particularly in the developing world, are unable to fully finance their services and thus should seek alternative sources of funding. This project attempts to identify sustainable funding options for the Kenya National Library Services (KNLS) with specific reference to user fees for library services. In order to put the study into perspective, an outline of library history in Kenya is presented together with an overview of social, economic, technological, and social factors which influence the provision of library and information services. The literature review traces the origin of the user fee debate and summarises the arguments for and against fees in libraries. It also attempts to determine whether economic theory could present a theoretical perspective in reconciling the divergent views. The review shows that the issue of charging for library services is hotly contested within the LIS profession and that there is no easy solution. The position of the public libraries within the African continent is contextualised by briefly detailing prevailing conditions, particularly the pressures brought to bear in library budgets during difficult economic periods. An overview of user fee policy in Kenya and the current position of library funding and income generation in South Africa are presented.
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    A longitudinal study of the information communication process among a defined group of basic and applied scientists in South Africa
    (2006) Smith, Gretchen; Underwood, Peter G
    The purpose of this research project was to examine the constituent elements of the information communication process in basic and applied science in South Africa and to establish what cognitive, behavioural and environmental factors lead to the scientists' encounter with the communication process and the consequences of such an encounter. The aim was further to address the role of informal communication, the impact of information and communication technologies, and the effect that various structural and environmental changes that have occurred over the last decades, have had on the communication process. The methodological approach of the study was based on a conceptual analysis of the literature integrated with an empirical investigation into the communication of information amongst a group of scientists in South Africa.
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    Mapping social networks among crystallographers in South Africa
    (Academic Conferences Ltd., 2008) Smith, Gretchen
    The author adopts the premise that technological innovation, a critical factor in the long-term economic growth of any country, can only function successfully within a social environment that provides relevant knowledge and information inputs into the innovative process. This is dependent on the efficient transfer and communication of knowledge and information which in turn relates to the amount and quality of interaction among scientists and technologists. These factors prompted a research project that used social network analysis techniques to investigate knowledge exchange and to map the knowledge network structure and communication practices of a group of scientists engaged with crystallographic research. This paper is based on this research project. The findings provide clear evidence of a strong social network structure among crystallographers in South Africa. A core nucleus of prominent, well connected and interrelated crystallographers constituted the central network of scientists that provided the main impetus to keep the network active. This eminent group of crystallographers were not only approached far more frequently for information and advice than any of their colleagues, but they also frequently initiated interpersonal and formal information communication acts. It was clear that this core group had achieved a standard of excellence in their work, were highly productive; very visible in their professional community and they generally played a pivotal role in the social network. They generally maintained a high professional profile in the crystallography community and within the general field of science, published profusely, and generally emerged as the archetypal sociometric stars in their field. It is thus clear that high productivity, professional involvement, innovation capacity and network connectivity are intricately interwoven. The crystallographers' work environment and concomitant work structure clearly affected network interaction. Working in a group structure stimulated network interaction, professional activity and productivity. A further benefit was that the leaders of these groups generally assumed gatekeeper roles that facilitated networking and ensured the importation and interpretation of new information and knowledge. It was clear that social networks operate more effectively in areas, such as Gauteng, where a sufficient number of scientists were amassed.
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    Mapping the relationship between knowledge management and information architecture
    (2007) Taljaard, Louise; Smith, Gretchen
    This dissertation defines knowledge in terms or traditional epistemological ideals and as a strategic resource. Knowledge management is defined in terms or the ability or organizations to manage knowledge as a strategic resource in order to gain all advantage from it. In the knowledge management framework, knowledge is presented as a continuum consisting of tacit, implicit and explicit knowledge. Tacit and implicit knowledge is managed through the acknowledgement of the social nature of knowledge. One method to achieve this is communities of practice. On the other end of the spectrum, explicit knowledge is very close in nature and character to information. Due to the expansion of available information resources the design and structure of information (explicit knowledge) for effective retrieval has become very important. Information architecture is a field that specializes in the design and structure of information for effective retrieval. Traditional information architecture tools such as metadata and subject classification address some of the issues, but experience difficulty in heterogeneous environments such as the Internet. Topic maps are considered as a possible solution to the concerns of metadata classification and subject based classification. Due to the extent and nature of the information recorded in a topic map, it becomes an information resource in itself. Topic maps also act as an enabling technology for knowledge management as it maps the complex relationships between concepts and include a range of information resources. The conclusion of this dissertation is the representation of a conceptual model based on the themes developed in this dissertation. The main advantage of the conceptual model is the clear and direct link between knowledge management and information architecture.
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    Optimizing knowledge management for change and innovation in the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Ghana
    (2011) Owusu-Bennoah, Yaa; Smith, Gretchen
    In an era where knowledge is increasingly seen as an organization’s most valuable asset, many firms have implemented knowledge-management systems in an effort to capture, store, and disseminate knowledge across the firm. The creation and transfer of knowledge in an organization has become a critical factor in an organization’s success and competitiveness.
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    A review of the Knowledge Management Centre: conducted for the Economic and Human Development Department, City of Cape Town
    (2012-07) Underwood, Peter G; Smith, Gretchen
    Following a study of the resources and services of the Knowledge Management Centre (KMC) of the Economic and Human Development Department (EHD) and a survey of a sample of users and potential users, the conclusion is that the KMC is NOT operating in a Knowledge Management mode; it is operating as a small special library, in a demand-driven mode (page 7). Interviews with the sample of users indicate that a Knowledge Management mode of operation would be more appropriate for supporting the work of the EHD (page 9). It is proposed that the two mutually supportive KM initiatives of leveraging information content and the development and utilisation of knowledge communities should form the core of the EHD's KM strategy (page 13). A set of integrated actions are recommended to implement a Knowledge Management Programme and capacitate the KMC at the EHD (pages 15-18). A job description for a post of Knowledge Officer is provided (pages 19-20).
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    The role and function of e-mail as a form of computer mediated communication for research purposes : a comparative study
    (2004) Oosthuizen, Suzette; Smith, Gretchen
    The use of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) is seldom questioned in the First World, as it is perceived as being one of the components of everyday working life. It contributes towards research and communication within higher education institutions. With regard to the South African context, the question arose whether the application of CMC in Historically Disadvantaged Institutions (HDl's) within the specific area of the Eastern Cape, is on a par with that at Historically Advantaged Institutions (HDI's) in the same region. The University of Fort Hare represents a typical HDI and the University of Port Elizabeth a HAL