Browsing by Author "Myers, J E"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    The body count : using routine mortality surveillance data to drive violence prevention
    (2012) Matzopoulos, Richard; Myers, J E; Thompson, Mary Lou
    This thesis describes the conceptualisation, development and implementation of a mortuary-based system for the routine collection of information about homicide. It traces the evolution of the system from its conceptualisation in 1994, through various iterations as a city-level research tool, to a national sentinel system pilot, as a multicity all-injury surveillance system, and finally its institutionalisation as a provincial injury mortality surveillance system in the Western Cape. In so doing, it demonstrates that the data arising from medico-legal post-mortem investigations described in this thesis were an important source of descriptive epidemiological information on homicide. The 37,037 homicide records described in the thesis were drawn from Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth and Pretoria, for which the surveillance system maintained full coverage from 2001 to 2005. The aim was to apply more complex statistical analysis and modelling than had been applied previously.
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    Conflict of interest: A tenacious ethical dilemma in public health policy not only in clinical practice/research
    (Health and Medical Publishing Group, 2012) London, L; Matzopoulos, R; Corrigall, J; Myers, J E; Maker, A; Parry, C D H
    In addition to the ethical practice of individual health professionals, bioethical debate about conflict of interest (CoI) must include the institutional ethics of public policy-making, as failure to establish independence from powerful stakeholder influence may pervert public health goals. All involved in public policy processes are accountable for CoI, including experts, scientists, professionals, industry and government officials. The liquor industry in South Africa is presented as a case study. Generic principles of how to identify, manage and address CoI are discussed. We propose that health professionals and policy makers should avoid partnering with industries that are harmful to health. Regarding institutional CoI, we recommend that there should be effective policies, procedures and processes for governing public-private joint ventures with such industries. These include arms-length funding, maintaining the balance between contesting vested interests, and full disclosure of the identity and affiliations of all participants in structures and reports pertaining to public policy-making.
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    Reducing the burden of injury: An intersectoral preventive approach is needed
    (2008) Matzopoulos, R; Myers, J E; Butchart, A; Corrigall, J; Peden, M; Naledi, T
    Injuries constitute the second largest contributor to the Western Cape burden of disease (BoD), after major infectious diseases caused by HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis and ahead of mental health disorders and cardiovascular and childhood diseases. The Provincial Health Department instituted the BoD Reduction Project to improve health surveillance for planning and resource allocation, review risk factors, and prioritise interventions to reduce the overall BoD.
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    Violence, alcohol and symptoms of depression and in Cape Town's poorest communities: results of a community survey
    (2018-04-20) Cassidy, Tali; Lloyd, Sam; Bowman, Brett; Myers, J E; Parry, Charles; Makanga, Tatenda; Corrigall, Joanne; Thompson, Mary Lou; Matzopoulos, Richard
    Introduction This paper summarises key findings from the first of three household surveys conducted in three high-violence areas in the Cape Town, investigating community members’ experiences of alcohol use, their built environment, violence and symptoms of depression, together with their views on alcohol and other interventions. Methods A stratified random sample of 1500 dwellings, 1200 in Khayelitsha and 300 in Gugulethu and Nyanga (“Gunya”) was selected using GIS address data for formal areas and aerial photography for informal areas. Fieldwork took place from July to November 2013. Responses to questions were summarized by area, gender, age and formal vs. informal settlement type. Results After substitution and data cleaning, 1213 Khayelitsha households and 286 Gunya households were included. In Gunya, 29% of respondents reported that they or their family members had been affected by at least one violent crime (murder, assault, domestic violence, rape) in the past year, compared with 12% in Khayelitsha. Using a CES-D-10 cut-off of 10, 44% of respondents were classified as depressed. More than half the respondents reported having experienced some form of alcohol nuisance. Respondents were supportive of alcohol interventions such as increased taxes and police regulation of outlets, particularly in Gunya (87%) and amongst female respondents (76%). Satisfaction with infrastructure such as street lighting and drainage was generally low. Conclusions The results describe the co-occurring burdens of alcohol and drug use, violence, depression and deprivation in our study populations.