Browsing by Author "Kurtz, D W"

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    Atmospheric temperature structure in the RoAp stars
    (1996) Medupe, Rodney; Kurtz, D W
    The rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars are a sub-group of the chemically peculiar stars of class 2 (CP2), which are characterised by peculiar spectra and anomalously strong lines of Sr, Cr, Eu and other rare earth elements. They have strong global dipole magnetic fields with effective strengths of up to a few thousand gausses. Stars showing these phenomena cover the spectral range B8p to F0 V-IV. About 20 years ago rapid non-radial pulsations were discovered in the coolest members of the CP2 group, namely the roAp stars. These pulsations are due to high over-tone, low degree p modes with periods between 5.6 and 15 minutes. Since then, studies of these rapid oscillations have revealed a lot of information about these stars. The eigenfrequency spectra of roAp stars can potentially reveal information such as their rotation periods, rotational inclinations, magnetic geometries, internal magnetic field strengths, radii, masses, luminosities and ages. Matthews et al. (1990, 1996) suggested a technique to empirically determine the T(Ƭ) relation for roAp stars. This technique involves comparing the pulsation amplitudes obtained from multi-colour photometry to the ones calculated from black-body pulsator models (assuming dipole mode pulsations). This comparison yielded limb-darkening coefficients which were used to determine T(Ƭ) in a way similar to what was done for the sun. Matthews et al. based their idea on the observed fact that pulsation amplitudes of roAp stars drop sharply with increasing wavelength. They thus explained this sharp decline of amplitude with wavelength in terms of the strongly wavelength dependent limb-darkening. The initial aim of this thesis was to investigate the technique proposed by Matthews et al., and to apply it to a number of roAp stars. However, when a linearised expression for the variation of the pulsation amplitude with wavelength, limb-darkening, inclination of the pulsation axis α, and ΔT/T₀ (where ΔT is the polar pulsational temperature semi-amplitude and T₀ is the atmospheric temperature) was derived, it was discovered that limb-darkening is too small an effect to account for the observed amplitudes. The result is based on the Wien approximation and uses the Planck function to represent intensity. Therefore, limb-darkening cannot be measured from the amplitude vs wavelength data. This analysis and the results thereof are reported in this thesis. Numerical models based on realistic treatment of the intensity spectra (obtained from model atmospheres) are used to confirm and refine the analytical results. The linearised expression mentioned above suggests that an important factor that explains the sharp decline of amplitude with wavelength is the variation of the ratio ΔT/T₀ with wavelength. Therefore, if the T(Ƭ) structure of a star is known a priori (from model atmospheres), the variation of ΔT with wavelength can be determined. This new technique, together with the variation of opacity with wavelength in the atmospheres of roAp stars, is applied to HD 134214:, HD 137949, HD 128898, HD 101065 and HR 3831 to determine ΔT cos α as a function of atmospheric depth. HR 3831 was observed at various rotation phases to investigate the effect of rotation on the derived ΔT cos α vs atmospheric depth relation. Preliminary results on this are included in this thesis. Bibliography: pages 107-113.
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    The Cape rapidly oscillating Ap star survey
    (1993) Martinez, Peter; Kurtz, D W
    This thesis describes a survey, the Cape Survey, which was started with the intention of discovering more roAp stars suitable for asteroseismological studies and also to identify the limits of the roAp phenomenon in temperature and luminosity. This is the most extensive survey of the roAp phenomenon to date. Prior to the start of the Cape Survey, only 14 roAp stars, discovered over a period of 12 years, were known. The Cape Survey has yielded another 10 new roAp stars in the past three years. The candidates for the Cape Survey were mostly drawn from the Ap SrCrEu stars in the Michigan Spectral Catalogue.
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    A frequency analysis of the rapidly oscillating Ap star HD 101065
    (1989) Martinez, Peter; Kurtz, D W
    The study of pulsating stars is a mature and important field of stellar astrophysics. The recent discovery that main sequence stars such as the Sun and the cool Ap stars oscillate with a large number of normal modes has given rise to asteroseismology, a new approach which promises to yield accurate knowledge of the interior structure and dynamics of these stars. Although the techniques of asteroseismology have yet to be perfected, they will provide us with extremely powerful tools to test theories of stellar structure and evolution and to provide detailed knowledge of stellar mass, age, internal rotation, magnetism and convection. They may also provide information on the elemental abundances and mixing and indicate the presence of low-mass companions. In asteroseismological studies, the primary data are the frequencies of the normal modes present in the object of interest. This thesis describes an attempt to perform a definitive frequency analysis of the rapidly oscillating Ap star HD 101065. The results of the intense observing program and the subsequent frequency analysis have been published and we reproduce them here in their entirety. The disadvantage in this approach is that the terseness expected by the editor of a scientific journal is sometimes a stumbling block for the reader not fully acquainted with the field. It is thus the purpose of Part l of this thesis to supplement the papers presented in Part II and the Appendix and to provide a more general background against which they can be read and understood.
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    HD 12098 -A new northern hemisphere roAp star
    (2001) Girish, V; Seetha, S; Martinez, P; Joshi, S; Ashoka, B N; Kurtz, D W; Chaubey, U S; Gupta, S K; Sagar, R
    We present the analysis of 65 hours of high speed photometric observations of HD 12098 taken from State Observatory, Naini Tal and Gurushikhar Observatory, Mt. Abu on sixteen nights spanning from November 1999 to November 2000. HD 12098 is the first rapidly oscillating Ap star discovered from the "Naini Tal-Cape survey for northern hemisphere roAp stars". It is the 32nd in the complete list. HD 12098 exhibits one predominant mode of oscillation at
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    Studies of non-adiabatic pulsations in the atmospheres of the roAp stars
    (2002) Medupe, Rodney; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J; Kurtz, D W
    The roAp stars are high overtone pulsators characterised by strong global magnetic fields with effective field strength of between a few hundred to a few thousand Gauss. They also show overabundances in rare-earths and iron peak element. Multi-colour photometry of roAp stars shows that their pulsation amplitudes decrease more rapidly with increasing wavelength compared to other classically pulsating stars (e.g. Medupe & Kurtz 1998). In addition, this thesis shows that the pulsation phase can vary by up to 80° from Johnson U to V filters. In an attempt to explain the amplitude vs wavelength Kurtz & Medupe (1996) derived an analytic formula that indicated that the steep variation of the temperature eigenfunction with depth in the roAp atmospheres is the possible reason the rapid decrease of amplitude with wavelength. Even though Medupe & Kurtz (1998) showed that the analytical formula they derived in 1996 was a special form of a more general formula presented in Watson (1988), they found limitations in both formulae (see also Medupe, Christensen-Dalsgaard & Kurtz 1998 and chapter 3 of this thesis). This motivated me to attempt a numerical solution of the pulsation equations with consistent treatment of radiative transfer to investigate the multi-colour photometric data. In this thesis, we report on the multi-colour pulsation amplitudes and phases for HD 128898, HD 101065, HD 134214 and HD 137949. We also report on the campaign undertaken in 1996 and 1998 to determine whether the HR 3831 amplitude and phase vs wavelength changes with rotation. No variations with rotation are found. We find that the pulsation phase varies by up to about 80° from Johnson U to V in HD 101065 and HR 3831.
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    The Naini Tal -Cape survey for pulsations in chemically peculiarA-type stars: I. Methods and preliminary results
    (2001) Martinez, P; Kurtz, D W; Ashoka, B N; Chaubey, U S; Girish, V; Gupta, S K; Joshi, S; Kasturirangan, K; Sagar, R; Seetha, S
    A new survey for pulsating, chemically peculiar A- and F-type stars in the northern hemisphere has been initiated using the 1-m telescope at Uttar Pradesh State Observatory in Naini Tal. The survey is primarily structured to reveal high-overtone pulsations in chemically peculiar A-F stars, but it is also revealing low-overtone