Browsing by Author "Kester, Ralph Charles"

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    On the humoral mediation of the intestinal phase of gastric secretion
    (1973) Kester, Ralph Charles
    The existence of a stimulatory intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion has been suspected for some time, and recently the importance of this phase has been recognized. The intestinal phase is of particular interest in relation to the profound gastric hypersecretion associated with portacaval anastomosis. The results of many studies in dogs, and recently in man, have demonstrated conclusively that shunt-related gastric hyper-secretion is due to unmasking of the intestinal phase by hepatic bypass of a humoral stimulant that is normally inactivated by the liver. Definitive experiments have shown that this humoral agent is a hormone that arises in the jejunum. Elaboration of the hormone is triggered both by the entry of food into the jejunum and by a brief period of jejunal distension with a balloon.
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    The distribution of plasminogen activator in the male genital tract
    (1970) Kester, Ralph Charles; Toadd, Alistair S
    The blood of man is rich in plasminogen, the inactive precursor of plasmin, a protease (Astrup, 1956a); the most characteristic action of plasmin is the digestion of fibrin, i.e. fibrinolysis. Many tissues, including the prostate (Rasmussen and Albrechtsen, 1960a), contain substances which can activate plasminogen, and thus initiate fibrinolysis, and it has been assumed that both the excessive fibrinolysis seen in the blood of some patients with prostatic disease (Tagnon, Whitmore, Schulman and Kravitz, 1953a), and in prostatic surgery (Lombardo, 1957), is due to the release of this activator into the blood stream (Fearnley, 1965). Human semen contains a substance which can activate the blood fibrinolytic system (von Kaulla and Shettles, 1953). Indeed, when human seminal fluid is ejaculated, it undergoes a process resembling the clotting and fibrinolysis of the blood, by coagulating then liquefying spontaneously. The coagulum is formed when a fibrinogenlike protein secreted by the seminal vesicles is acted upon by a clotting enzyme from the prostate (Mann, 1964). Coagulation is followed within about 20 minutes by liquefactionliquefaction of the clots by an enzyme assumed to come from the prostate (Huggins and Neal, 1942). This enzyme resembles plasmin in that it is a protease acting on a fibrin-like substrate, and that it is derived from an inactive precursor.