Browsing by Author "Kellaway, Lauriston A"

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    Developmental stress elicits preference for methamphetamine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    (BioMed Central, 2016-06-17) Womersley, Jacqueline S; Mpeta, Bafokeng; Dimatelis, Jacqueline J; Kellaway, Lauriston A; Stein, Dan J; Russell, Vivienne A
    Background: Developmental stress has been hypothesised to interact with genetic predisposition to increase the risk of developing substance use disorders. Here we have investigated the effects of maternal separation-induced developmental stress using a behavioural proxy of methamphetamine preference in an animal model of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, the spontaneously hypertensive rat, versus Wistar Kyoto and Sprague–Dawley comparator strains. Results: Analysis of results obtained using a conditioned place preference paradigm revealed a significant strain × stress interaction with maternal separation inducing preference for the methamphetamine-associated compartment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Maternal separation increased behavioural sensitization to the locomotor-stimulatory effects of methamphetamine in both spontaneously hypertensive and Sprague–Dawley strains but not in Wistar Kyoto rats. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that developmental stress in a genetic rat model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may foster a vulnerability to the development of substance use disorders.
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    Magnesium recurarisation differences between no reversal, neostigmine/glycopyrrolate reversal and sugammadex reversal of neuromuscular block in an in vivo rat model
    (2016) Van den Berg, Maurits Matthew; Kellaway, Lauriston A; James, Michael F; Swanevelder, Justiaan
    The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a synapse with one of the highest safety margins in the human body. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents to inhibit neuromuscular transmission is sufficient to produce skeletal muscle paralysis, a mechanism used to facilitate muscle relaxation during surgery. Residual neuromuscular block postoperatively has been found to be a major risk factor for postoperative complications. Sudden reinstatement of neuromuscular block (recurarisation), through use of magnesium, has also been observed clinically. This has led to a reluctance to use magnesium postoperatively for fear of recurarisation. Recurarisation following reversal of neuromuscular blockade with neostigmine or sugammadex has not been evaluated in a formal study, and for this reason, this study investigated recurarisation after 30 mg/kg magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) following reversal of neuromuscular blockade with neostigmine, two dosages of sugammadex or when reversal was omitted. Prior to investigating recurarisation, the effects of magnesium on neuromuscular transmission in the absence of neuromuscular blocking agents was investigated, in order to determine a standard clinical dose that did not produce detectable, by Train-of-Four Ratio (TOF-R) or Twitch 1 height (%T1), neuromuscular impairment.