Browsing by Author "Kaze, Francois"

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    Epidemiological profile of patients with end stage renal disease in a referral hospital in Cameroon
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2015) Halle, Marie; Takongue, Christian; Kengne, Andre; Kaze, Francois; Ngu, Kathleen
    BACKGROUND: Data regarding the epidemiology of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and dialysis in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce and knowledge about the spectrum renal disease is very limited. This study is on the profile of patients with ESRD in a referral hospital in Cameroon. METHODS: Medical records of patients with ESRD covering a 10-year period of activities of the Douala General Hospital were reviewed. Data were retrieved on socio demographic, and clinical data such as major comorbidities, the presumed aetiology of ESRD, blood pressure, biological variables and renal replacement therapy. RESULTS: In all 863 patients were included with 66% being men. Mean age was 47.4years overall, 48.9 in men and 44.5 in women (p<0.001). The main background aetiologies of ESRD were hypertension (30.9%), glomerulonephritis (15.8%), diabetes (15.9%), HIV (6.6%) and unknown (14.7%). Participants with HIV, glomerulonephritis or unknown background nephropathy were younger, more likely to be women, to be single and unemployed, while those with hypertension and/or diabetes were older, more likely to be men, to be either married or widow, and to be retired or working in the public sector. A total of 677 patients started haemodialysis with decreasing trend across age quartiles (p=009), and variation across background nephropathies (p<0.001). Emergency dialysis unplanned on a temporary catheter occurs in 88.3% of patients. CONCLUSION: This study has revealed substantial gender and age differentials in the socio-demographic features and background nephropathy in patients with ESRD in this setting. The likelihood of starting maintenance dialysis varied across background nephropathies, driven at least in part by age differences across background nephropathies.
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    Post-partum trend in blood pressure levels, renal function and proteinuria in women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia in Sub-Saharan Africa: A 6-months cohort study
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2014) Kaze, Francois; Njukeng, Francis; Kengne, Andre-Pascal; Ashuntantang, Gloria; Mbu, Robinson; Halle, Marie; Asonganyi, Tazoacha
    BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia and eclampsia, which are the most frequent hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, are associated with renal involvements. We aimed to assess the time trend in blood pressure levels, renal function and proteinuria after delivery, and investigate their determinants in Cameroonian women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study involving 54 women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia, conducted between July 2010 and February 2012 at the central maternity unit of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded from day-1 to 6months after delivery. Mixed-linear and logistic regression models were used to relate baseline and within follow-up levels of covariates, with changes in blood pressure levels, renal function and proteinuria, as well as persisting hypertension, renal failure and proteinuria. RESULTS: During follow-up, a significant improvement was observed in blood pressure, renal function and proteinuria (all p<0.002). Thirteen (24.1%) patients with renal failure at delivery recovered completely within six weeks. Twenty-six (48.1%), 17 (31.5%) and 1 (1.8%) patients had persisting proteinuria at 6weeks, 3months and 6months post-delivery, respectively. Corresponding figures for persisting hypertension were 23 (42.6%), 15 (27.8%) and 8 (14.8%). Advanced age, higher body mass index, low gestational age at delivery, low fetal birth weight, and proteinuria at delivery were the main risk factors for persisting hypertension at 3months, meanwhile low fetal birth weight, severe preeclampsia and proteinuria at delivery were correlated with persisting proteinuria at 3months. Advanced age and higher body mass index were the only determinants of the composite outcome of persisting hypertension or proteinuria at three and six months. CONCLUSION: Hypertension and proteinuria are very common beyond the postpartum period in Cameroonian women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. Long-term follow-up of these women will help preventing and controlling related complications.
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    Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease in rural and urban Cameroonians: a cross-sectional study
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2015) Kaze, Francois; Meto, Diane; Halle, Marie-Patrice; Ngogang, Jeanne; Kengne, Andre-Pascal
    BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem that disproportionally affects people of African ethnicity. We assessed the prevalence and determinants of CKD and albuminuria in urban and rural adults Cameroonians. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 6-month duration (February to July 2014), conducted in the health district of Dschang (Western Region of Cameroon), using a multistage cluster sampling. All adults diagnosed with albuminuria ([greater than or equal to]30mg/g) and/or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<60ml/min/1.73m 2 ) were re-examined three months later. Logistic regression models were used to relate baseline characteristics with prevalent CKD. RESULTS: We included 439 participants with a mean age of 47+/-16.1years; with 185 (42.1%) being men and 119 (27.1%) being urban dwellers. There was a high prevalence of hypertension (25.5%), diabetes (9.8%), smoking (9.3%), alcohol consumption (59.7%), longstanding use of herbal medicine (90.9%) and street medications (87.5%), and overweight/obesity (53.3%) which were predominant in rural area. The prevalence of CKD was 13.2% overall, 14.1% in rural and 10.9% in urban participants. Equivalents figures for CKD stages G3-G4 and albuminuria were 2.5%, 1.6% and 5.0%; and 12.1%, 14.1% and 6.7% respectively. Existing hypertension and diabetes were associated with all outcomes. Elevated systolic blood pressure and the presence of hypertension and diabetes were the predictors of albuminuria and CKD while urban residence was associated with CKD stages G3-G4. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CKD and albuminuria was high in this population, predominantly in rural area, and driven mostly by the commonest risk factors.
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    Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in urban adult Cameroonians according to three common estimators of the glomerular filtration rate: a cross-sectional study
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2015) Kaze, Francois; Halle, Marie-Patrice; Mopa, Hermine; Ashuntantang, Gloria; Fouda, Hermine; Ngogang, Jeanne; Kengne, Andre-Pascal
    BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major threat to the health of people of African ancestry. We assessed the prevalence and risk factors of CKD among adults in urban Cameroon. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of two months duration (March to April 2013) conducted at the Cite des Palmiers health district in the Littoral region of Cameroon. A multistage cluster sampling approach was applied. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was based on the Cockcroft-Gault (CG), the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the predictors of CKD. RESULTS: In the 500 participants with a mean age of 45.3+/-13.2years included, we observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (60.4%), hypertension (38.6%) and diabetes (2.8%). The mean eGFR was 93.7+/-24.9, 97.8+/-24.9 and 99.2+/-31.4ml/min respectively with the MDRD, CG and CKD-EPI equations. The prevalence of albuminuria was 7.2% while the prevalence of decreased GFR (eGFR<60ml/min) and CKD (any albuminuria and/or eGFR<60ml/min) was 4.4 and 11% with MDRD, 5.4 and 14.2% with CG, and 8.8 and 10% with CKD-EPI. In age and sex adjusted logistic regression models, advanced age, known hypertension and diabetes mellitus, increasing body mass index and overweight/obesity were the predictors of albuminuria, decreased GFR and CKD according to various estimators. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of CKD in urban adults Cameroonian, driven essentially by the commonest risk factors for CKD.