Browsing by Author "Kaskote, Ephraim"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of an Integrated and Sustainable Multistage System for the Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater(2021-07-30) Dyosile, Phumeza Akhona; Mdladla, Cebisa; Njoya, Mahomet; Basitere, Moses; Ntwampe, Seteno Karabo Obed; Kaskote, EphraimThis paper assesses the performance of an integrated multistage laboratory-scale plant, for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW). The system was comprised of an eco-flush dosed bio-physico pre-treatment unit for fats, oil, and grease (FOG) hydrolysis prior to the PSW being fed to a down-flow expanded granular bed reactor (DEGBR), coupled to a membrane bioreactor (DEGBR-MBR). The system’s configuration strategy was developed to achieve optimal PSW treatment by introducing the enzymatic pre-treatment unit for the lipid-rich influent (PSW) in order to treat FOG including odour causing constituents such as H2S known to sour anaerobic digestion (AD) such that the PSW pollutant load is alleviated prior to AD treatment. This was conducted to aid the reduction in clogging and sludge washout in the DEGBR-MBR systems and to achieve the optimum reactor and membrane system performance. A performance for the treatment of PSW after lipid reduction was conducted through a qualitative analysis by assessing the pre- and post-pre-treatment units’ chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and FOG concentrations across all other units and, in particular, the membrane units. Furthermore, a similar set-up and operating conditions in a comparative study was also performed. The pre-treatment unit’s biodelipidation abilities were characterised by a mean FOG removal of 80% and the TSS and COD removal reached 38 and 56%, respectively. The final acquired removal results on the DEGBR, at an OLR of ~18–45 g COD/L.d, was 87, 93, and 90% for COD, TSS, and FOG, respectively. The total removal efficiency across the pre-treatment-DEGBR-MBR units was 99% for COD, TSS, and FOG. Even at a high OLR, the pre-treatment-DEGBR-MBR train seemed a robust treatment strategy and achieved the effluent quality set requirements for effluent discharge in most countries.
- ItemOpen AccessPoultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Remediation Using a Bio-Delipidation Pre-Treatment Unit Coupled with an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactor(2021-10-29) Mdladla, Cebisa Thabo; Dyosile, Phumeza Akhona; Njoya, Mahomet; Basitere, Moses; Ntwampe, Seteno Karabo Obed; Kaskote, EphraimThe treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) with an Expanded Granular Sludge-Bed Bioreactor (EGSB) is hindered by the washout of activated sludge, and difficulties associated with the operation of the three-phase separator and the determination of the optimum up-flow velocity for sludge-bed fluidization. This results in a poor reactor functionality, and thus a poor performance due to pollutants such as fats, oil and grease (FOG) in the PSW being treated. Hydrolyzing the FOG content with a bio-delipidation, enzyme-based agent in a pre-treatment unit would significantly improve the effectiveness of the primary PSW treating system, i.e., the EGSB. In this study, PSW was pre-treated for 48 h with a biological mixture containing bioflocculants and bio-delipidation constituents. The pre-treated PSW was further treated in an EGSB. The PSW FOG, total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) content were determined to assess the effectiveness of the pre-treatment process as well as to observe the remedial action of the combined pre-treatment-EGSB system. An increased treatment efficacy was noted for the combined PSW treatment system, whereby the tCOD, FOG and TSS removal averaged 76%, 88% and 87%, respectively. The process developed is intended for micro, small and medium poultry slaughterhouses.
- ItemOpen AccessTreatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater (PSW) Using a Pretreatment Stage, an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactor (EGSB), and a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)(2021-05-08) Meyo, Honeil Basile; Njoya, Mahomet; Basitere, Moses; Ntwampe, Seteno Karabo Obed; Kaskote, EphraimThis study presents the biological treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) using a combination of a biological pretreatment stage, an expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB), and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to treat PSW. This PSW treatment was geared toward reducing the concentration of contaminants present in the PSW to meet the City of Cape Town (CoCT) discharge standards and evaluate an alternative means of treating medium- to high-strength wastewater at low cost. The EGSB used in this study was operated under mesophilic conditions and at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 69 to 456 mg COD/L·h. The pretreatment stage of this laboratory-scale (lab-scale) plant played an important role in the pretreatment of the PSW, with removal percentages varying between 20% and 50% for total suspended solids (TSS), 20% and 70% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 50% and 83% for fats, oil, and grease (FOG). The EGSB further reduced the concentration of these contaminants to between 25% and 90% for TSS, 20% and 80% for COD, and 20% and >95% for FOG. The last stage of this process, i.e., the membrane bioreactor (MBR), contributed to a further decrease in the concentration of these contaminants with a peak removal performance of >95% for TSS and COD and 80% for the FOG. Overall, the system (pretreatment–EGSB–MBR) exceeded 97% for TSS and COD removal and 97.5% for FOG removal. These results culminated in a product (treated wastewater) meeting the discharge standards.