Browsing by Author "Hauck, Maria"

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    Participatory stock assessment of abalone in Zones E and G
    (MARAM, University of Cape Town, 2007) Edwards, Charles; Hauck, Maria; Plag´anyi, Eva
    The stock assessment for abalone is significantly hampered by insufficient information on the levels of poaching in each management zone. To assist with our understanding of resource dynamics, stakeholder interviews were conducted to obtain information on the levels of poaching taking place and trends in magnitude over time. This participatory approach represented a pilot study into the use of interview data to inform modeling of the resource. As such, effort was concentrated on Zones E and G. These are two of the least productive Zones with consequently fewer divers operating. The investigation was split into two. The first part was to assess and understand the types of information available for potential inclusion in the modeling process [1]. The second part was actual execution of the participatory stock assessment using the information collected. This report details the outcome from Part 2.
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    Report from stakeholder interviews concerning abalone poaching in Zones E and G
    (2007) Edwards, Charles; Hauck, Maria
    The stock assessment for abalone is significantly hampered by insufficient information on the levels of poaching in each management zone. To assist with our understanding of resource dynamics, stakeholder interviews were conducted to obtain information on the levels of poaching taking place and trends in magnitude over time. This participatory approach represented a pilot study into the use of interview data to inform modeling of the resource. As such, effort was concentrated on Zones E and G. These are two of the least productive Zones with consequently fewer divers operating. The investigation was split into two. The first part was to assess and understand the types of information available for potential inclusion in the modeling process. The second part was actual execution of the participatory stock assessment using the information collected. This report details the outcome from Part 1.
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    Rethinking small-scale fisheries compliance : from criminal justice to social justice
    (2009) Hauck, Maria; Sowman, Merle; Raakjaer, Jesper
    Fisheries compliance theory has evolved over the past two decades in an attempt to understand the factors that influence fishers’ behaviour and to develop appropriate strategies to enhance compliance. However, much of this research, which draws on both rationalist and normative perspectives, has largely focussed on the industrial fisheries. Empirical research on the small-scale fisheries sector, therefore, has been lacking. The overall aim of this thesis has been to develop a conceptual framework for understanding and addressing small-scale fisheries compliance by drawing on experiences in South Africa. This has been achieved through a detailed investigation of two small-scale fisheries case studies, as well as a review of the small-scale fisheries sector generally. The findings from this research have emphasised the need to rethink ourunderstanding of fisheries compliance in the small-scale sector. By drawing onempirical evidence, as well as the literature review, a conceptual framework has beendeveloped that enhances existing compliance theory. This study highlights that anunderstanding of compliance behaviour first requires a critical analysis of how lawhas evolved, its history and the power dynamics that have shaped it. The conceptualframework further emphasises the need to understand compliance within a fisherysystem, acknowledging that social, economic, institutional and biophysical factors allimpact on whether or not fishers’ comply with rules and laws. By applying theconceptual framework to two case studies in South Africa, key drivers that influencefisher behaviour over time are identified and changes within the fishery system areanalysed and documented. This thesis has also contributed to fisheries compliancetheory by identifying the underlying principles that are seen as necessary to guide an alternative and more integrated approach to small-scale fisheries compliance. In addition to the principles of legitimacy and deterrence, which are incorporated into existing theories of compliance, this study emphasises that the principle of social justice is required to develop a more holistic approach to understanding and addressing small-scale fisheries compliance. By embracing these principles, it is argued that fisheries policies will shift away from a sole reliance on criminal justice to achieve compliance, to a more integrated approach that aims to sustain the fishery system as a whole.
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    Review of the causes of the rise of the illegal South African abalone fishery and consequent closure of the rights-based fishery
    (Elsevier, 2011) Raemaekers, Serge; Hauck, Maria; Burgener, Markus; Mackenzie, Angus; Maharaj, Genevieve; Plagányi, Éva E; Britz, Peter J
    The rise of organised illegal fishing and trade in abalone from the late 1990s destabilised South Africa’s historically stable, quota-managed fishery, culminating in its closure in 2008. The development of the fishery is described in a historical context, including the evolution of South Africa’s science-based abalone fishery management system. The diverse suite of responses deployed to combat illegal fishing and the black market trade in abalone are reviewed, including;- fishery reform to expand rights to a greater number of previously disadvantaged fishers, a territorial user rights fishery (TURF) system, special compliance operations and courts, the CITES listing of abalone, and the serial reduction in the TAC, culminating in the controversial and legally contested closure of the fishery. The main causes of the rise of the illegal fishery are diagnosed as 1) the massive increase in the abalone price that occurred in the 1990s triggering an abalone fishing “gold-rush” and 2) the failure of the post-Apartheid fishery reform process to accommodate many traditional fishers in a legal fishing rights framework resulting in them operating outside the formal fishery management system. By contextualising the abalone fishery as a complex system, embedded in South Africa’s socio-political setting, we show how the resource focussed fishery management system did not have the capacity to incorporate the powerful social, political and economic drivers determining fisher behaviour. We conclude with the need to revisit South Africa’s abalone fishery management paradigm, and argue that a more integrated governance approach is required that takes into account the biological, socio-political and economic factors determining the fishery activities.
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    Sharing benefits from tourism in Mozambique: case studies from Inhambane and Maputo provinces
    (2011) Pereira, Mayra PA; Hauck, Maria; Wynberg, Rachel
    Tourism is one of the mainstays of the Mozambican economy but has potentially negative impacts on local communities. This study assessed the extent to which coastal communities in Mozambique are benefiting, or losing, from various tourism initiatives. Data was collected using qualitative and quantitative methods in three case study sites: two cases in Inhambane province (Tofo and Barra) and one in Maputo province (Gala), all representing marginalized coastal communities engaged in tourism.
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    Small-scale fisheries in South Africa : stakeholder's understandings and perceptions of co-management
    (2011) Schell, Natalie; Sowman, Merla; Hauck, Maria
    Co-management, which boasts sharing of power and responsibilities amongst all stakeholders involved, has been adopted as an approach to small-scale fisheries management in South Africa. However, the relative success of co-management differs between provinces, provinces which also have different institutional arrangements supporting co-management. In KwaZulu-Natal, arrangements continue to function whereas in the Eastern and Western Cape many have collapsed. Increasing research indicates that fostering shared perceptions (of objectives, approach, desired outcomes and communication infrastructure) towards resource management can improve management practices by obtaining greater community support, increasing understandings of site-specific conditions and improving conflict resolution amongst stakeholders. Thus it is the overall aim of this research project to identify stakeholders’ perceptions towards co-management theory and practice at four case study sites (Mfazazana, Nonoti, Swartkops, Ebenhaeser) to decipher any differences in perceptions and to discuss factors that are influencing these perceptions towards co-management. This has been achieved through a review of the relevant literature, a series of interviews with 40 different stakeholders (primarily fishers and government) and visits to the four case study sites.