OpenUCT :: Browsing by Author "Galvaan, Roshan"

Browsing by Author "Galvaan, Roshan"

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Open Access
A case study exploring an occupational perspective of social inclusion among young adults dually afflicted with substance use disorder and HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe
(2021) Nhunzvi, Clement; Galvaan, Roshan; Langhaug, Lisa; Harding, Richard
Background: Curtailing adverse social determinants of health is pivotal to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development`s vision for a healthy and inclusive society. In Zimbabwe, fulfilling Vision 2030 may involve adopting socially inclusive approaches, particularly for young people dually afflicted with HIV and substance use disorders. However, social inclusion remains conceptually unclear and underutilized in relation to marginalized groups in low resource settings. This study sought to explore and understand how dually afflicted young adults with substance use disorders and HIV in Zimbabwe experienced and negotiated their social inclusion. Methods: This study utilised a qualitative instrumental case study design. Primary qualitative and quantitative data were collected to develop a thorough understanding of the case of an occupational perspective of social inclusion among dually afflicted young adults in Zimbabwe. The multiple methods used in this study included: i) narrative inquiry with five dually afflicted young adults; ii) in-depth interviews with five key informants; iii) document analysis of seven policies; and, iv) exploratory cross-sectional survey of social inclusion and associated factors (n=105). These multiple methods and sources contributed to the study`s trustworthiness. Multi-level case study analysis was applied as follows; 1st level: narrative analysis of each of the five young adults` stories, descriptive analysis of key informant interviews, document analysis and descriptive statistical analysis of the cross-sectional survey data. 2nd level: thematic case analysis drawing from all four data sources. 3rd level: theorised conceptual occupational constructs. Findings: Five narratives illustrated how using agency and having occupational choices were central to the young adults` experience and negotiation of social inclusion. The overarching Case theme was “Navigating an already troubled life: Striving for belonging and well-being”. This consists of three categories: 1) Dealing with a context of mixed realities, 2) Trying to adjust to new challenges and, 3) Life on the margins. These findings show how dually afflicted young adults in Zimbabwe respond and resist the influences of dominant discourses through dynamic and interconnected actions that shape their realities. Conclusion: The study describes and explains how dually afflicted young adults experienced and negotiated their social inclusion. The data affirms the role of agency and proposes a more critical view of occupational choice, activist occupational choice, in understanding social inclusion. As an emergent concept it is categorized by occupational choices, largely defying standard norms of engagement, and aims to break away from oppressive systems and problematic situations. Recognising the diverse manifestation of agency yields an appreciation for how occupations that are indigenous, collective, and resist oppression contributes to experiences of social inclusion.
Open Access
A case study exploring the application of the Occupation-based Community Development Framework: co-constructing humanising praxis
(2019) Krenzer, Meghan Lee Mackenzie; Galvaan, Roshan
The Occupation-based Community Development (ObCD) framework draws on critical occupational science concepts in working with marginalized communities to bring about transformative change (Galvaan & Peters, 2017a). However, little research has been conducted on this to date, specifically within community development practice (CDP) and in the Global South. This study asked the question: “How does the application of an occupational perspective and participatory action methods influence the processes within ObCD?” A qualitative research design employing an instrumental single case study was conducted. The case was bounded within the University of Cape Town’s final year Occupational Therapy student service-learning placements during the period of 2014 to 2016, in South Africa. Participants were purposively selected and included occupational therapy clinical educators and recent occupational therapy graduates who had applied the ObCD framework during their CDP placements. Data was generated through a focus group; individual semi-structured interviews and analysis of graduates’ written reports. A thematic analysis revealed the case to be that of co-constructing humanising praxis, describing the evolving thinking and doing of practice. Three themes, namely: 1) Processes of dialogue and doing; 2) Situating occupational perspectives in socio-political and historicised contexts; and 3) Negotiating positionalities, offer detailed descriptions of the elements to consider in engaging and developing this form of praxis. The discussion illustrates how praxis resonates with the values of critical and social occupational therapy in working towards promoting occupational justice. Thereby, proposing that occupational justice implies engaging in humanising praxis, through a co-constructed journey with stakeholders. The suggestion made is that praxis guided by the ObCD Framework promotes occupational justice. Shifts in terminology and concepts, that could depict the values in ObCD more explicitly are suggested. Finally, praxis as a potential avenue for decolonising domains of occupational therapy practice is identified. Recommendations relating to occupational therapy curricula, services and research are offered.
Open Access
A descriptive qualitative study exploring youth with intellectual disabilities participation in the community of Moshi
(2024) Ephraim, Anthony; Galvaan, Roshan
Introduction: Youth with intellectual disability (YID) in Tanzania are at an impasse, as they face potential exclusion from accessing services and participation in their community. This is due to existing negative cultural beliefs, lack of awareness of the needs and abilities, and limited government services. For youth attending the Gabriella Children's Rehabilitation Centre (GCRC) occupational therapy services, little is known about how they engage in occupations in the community following occupational therapy intervention nor has research been conducted to date in this regard. Such insight would be important in recognizing factors that enable or hinder youth with intellectual disability participating within their communities after rehabilitation services. Research question: How do youth with intellectual disabilities engage in occupations in the community of Moshi Kilimanjaro and what enables their participation? Aim: The study aimed to describe how youth with intellectual disabilities participate in occupations in the Moshi community, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Method: A descriptive qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from eight participants and analyzed using a thematic analysis. The ethical principles of ensuring autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice guided the research. Findings: Two major themes were identified. The first theme; ''Becoming who I can be through what I can do” with two sub-themes, namely, “Opportunities at Gabriella Centre” and “Changes and development;” and the second theme; “Connecting and earning community trust through valued occupation and routines” with three sub-themes, being; “Valued occupational routines at home and in the community”; “Trusted, given responsibility and making choices”, and “Community acceptance and support”. Discussion: The occupational based intervention for YID offered by GCRC provided considerable practical skills that facilitated YID's participation in community life. The youth became confident, and their abilities were recognized, bringing about more community acceptance. YID contributed to alleviating poverty through their engagement in the valued family and community routines. The person-centered approach was used to guide youth to make informed occupational choices. Various facets of the environment were identified as enablers and barriers to community participation. Conclusion: A well-designed program that uses a person-centered approach and reflects valued community occupations, such as the GCRC, is necessary for YID to learn skills and use their ability to participate and contribute to the community. However, it is essential to consider holistically the needs of YID. Existing policies and laws coupled with supportive families and communities can contribute to successful community participation for YID. Abstract Word Count: 396 Keywords: Youth with intellectual disability; community participation; vocational skills; household chores; valued occupations
Open Access
Adult family members' perspectives on the play of a young disabled child within the family
(2007) Davies, Belinda; Ramugondo, Elelwani; Galvaan, Roshan
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-118).
Open Access
A biographical inquiry into the occupational participation of men who drop out of school
(2011) Peters, Liesl; Galvaan, Roshan; Kathard, Harsha
This qualitative interpretive biographical inquiry describes the nature of the occupational participation of men in Lavender Hill who drop out of school. School dropout was constructed as an occupational transition for the purposes of this study and the occupational participation of men who drop out of school was considered in relation to this. Study participants were selected using purposive, maximum variation sampling. Achieving a sense of fidelity in the research process was critically considered, because of its complexities in relation to the use of biography. Ethical principles were rigorously applied...
Open Access
A critical ethnography of young adolescents' occupational choices in a community in post-apartheid South Africa
(2010) Galvaan, Roshan; Amosun, Seyi L; Van Niekerk, Lana
This thesis explored the occupational choices of young adolescents in a southern peninsula Cape Town community of Lavender Hill in South Africa. Informed by current research and prior professional and personal experiences with young adolescents in Lavender Hill, the research question asked: 'What informs occupational choice among young adolescents in Lavender Hill?' This complemented the research aim, which was to generate insight into the nature of the occupational choices of a group of young adolescents in Lavender Hill, and the factors that influenced their occupational choices.
Open Access
Exploring factors that inhibit the Outlook Parent Support Group from achieving their stated goals
(2005) Adams, Fasloen; Galvaan, Roshan; Mekwa, Julia
This study explored the factors that hindered the women of the Outlook Parent Support Group from achieving their stated goals. The literature review discusses the relationship between poverty and disability and its impact on the identity and occupations of carers of disabled children. Furthermore it explores self-help and support groups as tools for selfempowerment as well as the role of professionals within these groups.
Open Access
Exploring the meaning and experiences of women with disabled children living in Ocean View and Masiphumelele
(2002) Lagerdien, Kashifa; Galvaan, Roshan; Bennett, Jane
Bibliography: leaves 115-120.
Open Access
The live-in domestic workers' experience of occupational engagement
(2000) Galvaan, Roshan; Van Niekerk, Lana
Bibliographical references.
Open Access
An occupatiobnal perspectice on the journey of recovery from substance abuse among young Zimbabwean men
(2014) Nhunzvi, Clement; Galvaan, Roshan; Peters, Liesl
Substance abuse is a rising global health and social problem that is associated with serious medical, psychiatric, family, occupational, legal, financial and spiritual problems. While recovery from substance abuse is possible, it is a subjective and contested process. To date, the recovery process has not been explored from an occupational perspective in Zimbabwe, where as many as 60% of all readmissions at Zimbabwe’s psychiatric referral centre during the period from January 2010 to December 2011 were secondary to substance-induced disorders, and less than three percent of these patients moved into long-term recovery or sustained sobriety with rehabilitation follow-up. This qualitative narrative inquiry explores the journey of recovery from substance abuse among young adult Zimbabwean men. The aim of the study was to investigate how occupations played a role in the recovery journeys of each of these men. Three young adult men identified as former substance abusers were purposively selected for the study. Data generation occurred through in-depth narrative interviews with each participant. Principles of trustworthiness and validation emphasising the persuasiveness, coherence and pragmatic use of the narratives were applied throughout the research process, and ethical issues in narrative research were upheld. Ethical clearance was applied for and granted by the University of Cape Town’s Human Ethics Research Committee and permission to do the research was sought and given by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe. The findings of the study — explanatory stories — were produced through narrative analysis. These stories revealed substance abuse to be an occupation associated with both positive and negative consequences. Recovery from such abuse emerged as an ongoing occupational transition negotiated through participation in other occupations, and influenced by both personal and environmental factors. The way in which occupations were abandoned, modified and newly adopted during the process of this occupational transition is discussed. The construction and reconstruction of a positive occupational identity was seen as central to the process of occupational transition. The study concluded that engagement and participation in ‘engaging occupations’ was an intricate contributor to the recovery journey for young adult Zimbabwean men, and that narrative interviews should be used in generating data to explore the occupational nature of life and its events.
Open Access
Occupation focused conceptual frameworks
(2014-09-17) Ramafikeng, Matumo; Galvaan, Roshan; Van Niekerk, Lana
Conceptual frameworks are the core concepts of occupational therapy thinking used in practice by occupational therapy students, therapists and scientists. This module is a continuation of what students have covered in second year study at the University of Cape Town where they covered generic conceptual frameworks. This OT-focused module is therefore aimed at such users and occupational therapy training institutions that could make use of the information contained in this module.
Metadata only
Occupation-based Community Development Framework
(2014-08-21) Galvaan, Roshan; Peters, Liesl
This is a free guide to practice for occupational therapists intending to apply critical occupational therapy. It provides an outline for occupational therapists to practice in community development from an occupational and development perspective. This resource provides an introductory framework for occupation-based community development for occupational therapy students and practitioners. It outlines the iterative phases of intervention and illustrates how this is applied by means of a case study. Since the resource is based on on-going research by the authors, further detail will be added in the form of articles that detail how the occupational constructs have been re-conceptualised and strategies applied to ensure contextually relevant practice.
Open Access
Pathways, through opportunity, towards social inclusion: a multiple case study of young womxn in marginalising contexts in post-apartheid South Africa
(2024) Peters, Liesl; Galvaan, Roshan; Soudien, Crain
Background Post-apartheid South Africa promised a born-free generation, but young people are not always able to participate in ways that allow them to live freely. Race, class and gender continue to be designated markers of particular life trajectories as young people operate from historically oppressed race, class and gender positions. Young womxn from and in such marginalising contexts experience an array of challenges that place them at risk of an experience of waithood and social exclusion. Various iterations of South African youth policies have suggested that certain kinds of opportunities could play a pivotal role in contributing to more prosperous futures for young people. Previous research concurs. However, the solutions offered through these policies have not resulted in an experience of different futures for young womxn at risk of social exclusion. An exploration of relevant literature on key concepts and related studies in occupational science, and other aligned disciplines, revealed the fragmented and static understanding that existed at the inception of this study about opportunity as a phenomenon that contributes to just and equitable outcomes. As such, critical and socially transformative occupational therapy and occupational science, as the broad grounds for the scholarly work presented in this thesis, have not contributed sizeable solutions to the problems of exclusion facing young people in South Africa. Notwithstanding, young womxn from and in marginalising contexts are capable of agency, demonstrating a responsiveness to social conditions that defies a victory of structure in 1 conclusively predetermining their experiences of everyday life. Examples exist of young womxn who have opened and walked their own pathways towards social inclusion. The need to learn from and with these young womxn was the focus of this research study. The aim of this study was therefore: To explore and describe how young womxn from and in marginalising contexts move towards experiences of social inclusion, through opportunity, in post-apartheid South Africa. Methods A merged theoretical perspective, including decoloniality as a form of critical social theory and the theory of structuration, oriented the understanding of the praxis of living for young womxn from and in marginalising contexts in South Africa. Such a perspective was central for apprehending the relational aspects of agency and structure in young womxn's lives, and how these played out in a context heavily shaped by apartheid and coloniality. The phenomenon explored in this study was defined as the movement of young womxn towards an experience of social inclusion, through opportunities. A qualitative, multiple case study design was applied, drawing on narrative inquiry as a key approach. Using purposive sampling and guided by selection advisors, three young womxn from different communities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa - who believed they were experiencing a more prosperous life that they likened to an experience of social inclusion - were selected to participate in the study. These womxn were willing to offer up their life histories as individual cases that we could explore and learn from. An array of data sources and data generation methods were used to construct each individual case narrative, utilising multiple perspectives. These included life history interviews, in-depth interviews and focus groups with people who were part of each young womxn's life, document analysis and observation. Participants also introduced artifacts which complimented and developed the understanding of their life trajectories. A narrative analytic approach supported the interpretive process to develop within-case inferences about the phenomenon, as it had manifested within the unique circumstances of each case. Following this, a cross-case analysis was conducted to develop an explanation of 2 the phenomenon. Trustworthiness was assured through a range of methods, the most important of which included multiple triangulation approaches, reflexive journaling, and a process of member checking that ensured the veracity of the individual case narratives. Further, data was generated over a prolonged period. These methods provided the foundation for a credible cross-case analysis. The study received ethical approval from the Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee at the University of Cape Town. Strategies that ensured the ethical conduct of the study were applied throughout, with minimal risk to participants. Of central importance was the maintenance of confidentiality, since intricate and in-depth details were part of participants' life histories. This risk was mitigated by changing minor details that did not adversely affect the credibility of the data and protected the anonymity of participants. All participants expressed the benefits associated with having been able to share their experiences through the data generation processes in the study. Findings and Discussion The analytic process led to the development of an overarching intuition, comprised of a set of inferences, that illustrated that the way young womxn from and in marginalising contexts move towards social inclusion, through opportunity, is through the process of making-a-life. Making-a-life was understood as a uniquely crafted political praxis that is given impetus through a meshwork of lifelines, co-creating the likelihood of young womxn reaching towards social inclusion. Theorising this notion generated the key thesis in this study: that making-a-life is an ontogenetic praxis of correspondences that is routed within the meshwork. Making-a-life improvises with opportunities as possibilities-in-the-making, that must cohere within the context of young womxns' everyday lives to contribute valuably to this praxis. The cumulative result is the evolution of transgressive and generative agencies that operationalise a different social positioning for young womxn from and in marginalising contexts, making it possible to subvert the intentions of the modern/colonial post-apartheid context. Taking up these insights within the disciplines of occupational science and occupational therapy will require us to think relationally about agency, structure, opportunity and 3 occupation in ways that are acentred from the individual. The idea of making-a-life calls for a more explicit grasp of the relational and co-creational flows of doing over time. Conclusion and Implications The conceptualisation of pathways towards social inclusion, as acentred from young womxn as individuals, offers a new way to think about the focal point in youth interventions and policy options. This creates a space to reorient our practices towards understanding how to protect the integrity of the meshwork and create the coherence between opportunities and young womxn's everyday lives. Such actions/approaches have the potential to generate new vistas for the social inclusion of young womxn from and in marginalising contexts.
Open Access
The perceptions of recreation officers towards the inclusion of visually impaired children within the City of Cape Town Come and Play Programme
(2012) Bam, Armand; Galvaan, Roshan; Duncan, Eve M
The City of Cape Town Sport, Recreation and Amenities Department (COCT SRA) has drafted its own policy document on sport and recreation in order to align with national policy to guide efficient recreational service delivery. The COCT SRA should play a role in the development of all children within the communities it serves. The implementers of the recreational services thus play a vital role in ensuring efficient service delivery to all. The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of recreation officers regarding their contribution to enabling the inclusion of visually impaired children in the Come and Play Programme. Furthermore to illuminate potential barriers and facilitators to the inclusion of visually impaired children in order to facilitate policy implementation.
Open Access
Perspectives of male mental health service users on their community integration following participation in a residential-based rehabilitation programme
(2015) Gamieldien, Fadia; Duncan, Madeleine; Galvaan, Roshan
Current re-engineering of primary mental health care in South Africa is directed towards providing a continuum of care for people with serious mental disorders in order to relieve the cost and resource burden of longterm hospitalisation. In the Western Cape, Healthcare 2030 has been adopted as the guiding vision for health system reform. Residential-based rehabilitation programmes have been introduced to assist mental health service users to improve their functioning in occupations of daily life so that they are better equipped to cope with community living. Problem: There is limited South African occupational therapy research into male mental health service users' perspectives on the contribution that residential-based rehabilitation programmes makes to their community integration, despite the high numbers of males using the service. Purpose: To inform public mental health services on the contribution of a residential-based rehabilitation programme to the community integration of men with serious mental disorders. Research question: How does participation in a residential-based rehabilitation programme contribute to the community integration of men with serious mental disorders? Objectives of the study: To identify what men with serious mental disorders consider community integration to be, and to describe the key elements within the residential-based rehabilitation programme that influenced their community integration. Research design and methodology: An instrumental case study design was used to guide the research methodology and five male participants were identified through purposive sampling. Observations, semi-structured interviews, community maps and document analysis w ere used as data collection tools. Data was audio-recorded and transcribed f or inductive and thematic cross-case analysis. Ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy and non-maleficence were upheld throughout the research process. Findings: One theme and three categories emerged in the findings. The theme, 'It's a catch-22 situation', comprises three categories, namely: 'It's not just what you call it'; 'There's no one size for all'; and 'It's tricky choosing between places to go and things to do'. Conclusion: Male mental health service users who participate in a residential-based rehabilitation programme will be better prepared for community integration if they are involved in co-constructing their recovery plan so that it is more personalised.
Open Access
The prevalence of health risk behaviours among high school learners in the city of Maseru, Lesotho
(2010) Ramafikeng, Matumo; Galvaan, Roshan
This study was the first of its nature in Lesotho. Engagement in health risk behaviours is a public health concern, due to the consequences thereof. Concurrent engagement in risk behaviours has severe consequences on health and occupational abilities of the youth. The aim of the study was to establish and document the prevalence of risk behaviours among high school learners in the city of Maseru, Lesotho.
Open Access
Women's experiences of street trading in Cape Town and its impact on their well-being
(2013) Sassen, Sharyn Ruth; Galvaan, Roshan; Duncan, Madeleine
Street trading forms a large subsection of South Africa's informal economic activity, creating opportunity for self-employment and sustaining livelihoods (Mitullah, 2003; Skinner, 2008). Yet, street traders face various barriers including societal marginalization and pervasive poverty, threatening their well-being. The scarcity of occupational therapy literature around informal economy occupations limits the profession's understanding about what engagement in such occupations entails. While available literature around work in the informal economy emphasises economic contributions to development, there is limited evidence that informal business owners effectively escape vulnerability. From an occupational perspective, little is known about how these occupations are experienced and their implications for well-being. This study will inform contextually relevant conceptions of participation in the informal economy occupation of street trade, providing necessary knowledge for social and political practices of occupational therapy. The study aimed to describe women street traders' experiences of street trading and, how they perceived these related to their well-being. The objectives were to identify personal and external factors that promoted or hindered their well-being whilst engaged in street trading. An ethnographic inquiry was carried out with four women street traders identified through purposive recruitment. It involved semi-structured and photo elicitation interviews, and participant observation. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for inductive and thematic cross case analysis and field notes were made following interviews and participant observation. One theme and three categories emerged in the findings. The theme, 'Togetherness: steering against the current towards a better life", revealed the impact of interpersonal connectedness as participants attempted to steer towards valued lives against various barriers. The first category, 'Taking the helm', described the women's actions to determine valued livelihoods. 'Facing tough conditions' detailed the personal and external barriers they encountered while attempting to direct their lives towards positive outcomes through street trading. The third category, 'We're in the same boat' demonstrated the significance and the positive and negative impact of interpersonal connectedness for street traders. Conclusively, the study revealed how the contextually situated nature of this occupation translated to nuanced and fluid experiences of wellbeing in street trading, where well-being was deeply tied to valued social connectedness and significance of collective well-being.
Open Access
Young adolescent girls' experiences of occupational engagement in Lavender Hill
(2005) Wonnacott, Heather; Galvaan, Roshan
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-106).

Browsing by Author "Galvaan, Roshan"

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