Browsing by Author "Galvaan, Roshan"
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- ItemOpen AccessA case study exploring an occupational perspective of social inclusion among young adults dually afflicted with substance use disorder and HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe(2021) Nhunzvi, Clement; Galvaan, Roshan; Langhaug, Lisa; Harding, RichardBackground: Curtailing adverse social determinants of health is pivotal to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development`s vision for a healthy and inclusive society. In Zimbabwe, fulfilling Vision 2030 may involve adopting socially inclusive approaches, particularly for young people dually afflicted with HIV and substance use disorders. However, social inclusion remains conceptually unclear and underutilized in relation to marginalized groups in low resource settings. This study sought to explore and understand how dually afflicted young adults with substance use disorders and HIV in Zimbabwe experienced and negotiated their social inclusion. Methods: This study utilised a qualitative instrumental case study design. Primary qualitative and quantitative data were collected to develop a thorough understanding of the case of an occupational perspective of social inclusion among dually afflicted young adults in Zimbabwe. The multiple methods used in this study included: i) narrative inquiry with five dually afflicted young adults; ii) in-depth interviews with five key informants; iii) document analysis of seven policies; and, iv) exploratory cross-sectional survey of social inclusion and associated factors (n=105). These multiple methods and sources contributed to the study`s trustworthiness. Multi-level case study analysis was applied as follows; 1st level: narrative analysis of each of the five young adults` stories, descriptive analysis of key informant interviews, document analysis and descriptive statistical analysis of the cross-sectional survey data. 2nd level: thematic case analysis drawing from all four data sources. 3rd level: theorised conceptual occupational constructs. Findings: Five narratives illustrated how using agency and having occupational choices were central to the young adults` experience and negotiation of social inclusion. The overarching Case theme was “Navigating an already troubled life: Striving for belonging and well-being”. This consists of three categories: 1) Dealing with a context of mixed realities, 2) Trying to adjust to new challenges and, 3) Life on the margins. These findings show how dually afflicted young adults in Zimbabwe respond and resist the influences of dominant discourses through dynamic and interconnected actions that shape their realities. Conclusion: The study describes and explains how dually afflicted young adults experienced and negotiated their social inclusion. The data affirms the role of agency and proposes a more critical view of occupational choice, activist occupational choice, in understanding social inclusion. As an emergent concept it is categorized by occupational choices, largely defying standard norms of engagement, and aims to break away from oppressive systems and problematic situations. Recognising the diverse manifestation of agency yields an appreciation for how occupations that are indigenous, collective, and resist oppression contributes to experiences of social inclusion.
- ItemOpen AccessA case study exploring the application of the Occupation-based Community Development Framework: co-constructing humanising praxis(2019) Krenzer, Meghan Lee Mackenzie; Galvaan, RoshanThe Occupation-based Community Development (ObCD) framework draws on critical occupational science concepts in working with marginalized communities to bring about transformative change (Galvaan & Peters, 2017a). However, little research has been conducted on this to date, specifically within community development practice (CDP) and in the Global South. This study asked the question: “How does the application of an occupational perspective and participatory action methods influence the processes within ObCD?” A qualitative research design employing an instrumental single case study was conducted. The case was bounded within the University of Cape Town’s final year Occupational Therapy student service-learning placements during the period of 2014 to 2016, in South Africa. Participants were purposively selected and included occupational therapy clinical educators and recent occupational therapy graduates who had applied the ObCD framework during their CDP placements. Data was generated through a focus group; individual semi-structured interviews and analysis of graduates’ written reports. A thematic analysis revealed the case to be that of co-constructing humanising praxis, describing the evolving thinking and doing of practice. Three themes, namely: 1) Processes of dialogue and doing; 2) Situating occupational perspectives in socio-political and historicised contexts; and 3) Negotiating positionalities, offer detailed descriptions of the elements to consider in engaging and developing this form of praxis. The discussion illustrates how praxis resonates with the values of critical and social occupational therapy in working towards promoting occupational justice. Thereby, proposing that occupational justice implies engaging in humanising praxis, through a co-constructed journey with stakeholders. The suggestion made is that praxis guided by the ObCD Framework promotes occupational justice. Shifts in terminology and concepts, that could depict the values in ObCD more explicitly are suggested. Finally, praxis as a potential avenue for decolonising domains of occupational therapy practice is identified. Recommendations relating to occupational therapy curricula, services and research are offered.
- ItemOpen AccessA descriptive qualitative study exploring youth with intellectual disabilities participation in the community of Moshi(2024) Ephraim, Anthony; Galvaan, RoshanIntroduction: Youth with intellectual disability (YID) in Tanzania are at an impasse, as they face potential exclusion from accessing services and participation in their community. This is due to existing negative cultural beliefs, lack of awareness of the needs and abilities, and limited government services. For youth attending the Gabriella Children's Rehabilitation Centre (GCRC) occupational therapy services, little is known about how they engage in occupations in the community following occupational therapy intervention nor has research been conducted to date in this regard. Such insight would be important in recognizing factors that enable or hinder youth with intellectual disability participating within their communities after rehabilitation services. Research question: How do youth with intellectual disabilities engage in occupations in the community of Moshi Kilimanjaro and what enables their participation? Aim: The study aimed to describe how youth with intellectual disabilities participate in occupations in the Moshi community, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Method: A descriptive qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from eight participants and analyzed using a thematic analysis. The ethical principles of ensuring autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice guided the research. Findings: Two major themes were identified. The first theme; ''Becoming who I can be through what I can do” with two sub-themes, namely, “Opportunities at Gabriella Centre” and “Changes and development;” and the second theme; “Connecting and earning community trust through valued occupation and routines” with three sub-themes, being; “Valued occupational routines at home and in the community”; “Trusted, given responsibility and making choices”, and “Community acceptance and support”. Discussion: The occupational based intervention for YID offered by GCRC provided considerable practical skills that facilitated YID's participation in community life. The youth became confident, and their abilities were recognized, bringing about more community acceptance. YID contributed to alleviating poverty through their engagement in the valued family and community routines. The person-centered approach was used to guide youth to make informed occupational choices. Various facets of the environment were identified as enablers and barriers to community participation. Conclusion: A well-designed program that uses a person-centered approach and reflects valued community occupations, such as the GCRC, is necessary for YID to learn skills and use their ability to participate and contribute to the community. However, it is essential to consider holistically the needs of YID. Existing policies and laws coupled with supportive families and communities can contribute to successful community participation for YID. Abstract Word Count: 396 Keywords: Youth with intellectual disability; community participation; vocational skills; household chores; valued occupations
- ItemOpen AccessAdult family members' perspectives on the play of a young disabled child within the family(2007) Davies, Belinda; Ramugondo, Elelwani; Galvaan, RoshanIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 107-118).
- ItemOpen AccessA biographical inquiry into the occupational participation of men who drop out of school(2011) Peters, Liesl; Galvaan, Roshan; Kathard, HarshaThis qualitative interpretive biographical inquiry describes the nature of the occupational participation of men in Lavender Hill who drop out of school. School dropout was constructed as an occupational transition for the purposes of this study and the occupational participation of men who drop out of school was considered in relation to this. Study participants were selected using purposive, maximum variation sampling. Achieving a sense of fidelity in the research process was critically considered, because of its complexities in relation to the use of biography. Ethical principles were rigorously applied...
- ItemOpen AccessA critical ethnography of young adolescents' occupational choices in a community in post-apartheid South Africa(2010) Galvaan, Roshan; Amosun, Seyi L; Van Niekerk, LanaThis thesis explored the occupational choices of young adolescents in a southern peninsula Cape Town community of Lavender Hill in South Africa. Informed by current research and prior professional and personal experiences with young adolescents in Lavender Hill, the research question asked: 'What informs occupational choice among young adolescents in Lavender Hill?' This complemented the research aim, which was to generate insight into the nature of the occupational choices of a group of young adolescents in Lavender Hill, and the factors that influenced their occupational choices.
- ItemOpen AccessExploring factors that inhibit the Outlook Parent Support Group from achieving their stated goals(2005) Adams, Fasloen; Galvaan, Roshan; Mekwa, JuliaThis study explored the factors that hindered the women of the Outlook Parent Support Group from achieving their stated goals. The literature review discusses the relationship between poverty and disability and its impact on the identity and occupations of carers of disabled children. Furthermore it explores self-help and support groups as tools for selfempowerment as well as the role of professionals within these groups.
- ItemOpen AccessExploring the meaning and experiences of women with disabled children living in Ocean View and Masiphumelele(2002) Lagerdien, Kashifa; Galvaan, Roshan; Bennett, JaneBibliography: leaves 115-120.
- ItemOpen AccessThe live-in domestic workers' experience of occupational engagement(2000) Galvaan, Roshan; Van Niekerk, LanaBibliographical references.
- ItemOpen AccessAn occupatiobnal perspectice on the journey of recovery from substance abuse among young Zimbabwean men(2014) Nhunzvi, Clement; Galvaan, Roshan; Peters, LieslSubstance abuse is a rising global health and social problem that is associated with serious medical, psychiatric, family, occupational, legal, financial and spiritual problems. While recovery from substance abuse is possible, it is a subjective and contested process. To date, the recovery process has not been explored from an occupational perspective in Zimbabwe, where as many as 60% of all readmissions at Zimbabwe’s psychiatric referral centre during the period from January 2010 to December 2011 were secondary to substance-induced disorders, and less than three percent of these patients moved into long-term recovery or sustained sobriety with rehabilitation follow-up. This qualitative narrative inquiry explores the journey of recovery from substance abuse among young adult Zimbabwean men. The aim of the study was to investigate how occupations played a role in the recovery journeys of each of these men. Three young adult men identified as former substance abusers were purposively selected for the study. Data generation occurred through in-depth narrative interviews with each participant. Principles of trustworthiness and validation emphasising the persuasiveness, coherence and pragmatic use of the narratives were applied throughout the research process, and ethical issues in narrative research were upheld. Ethical clearance was applied for and granted by the University of Cape Town’s Human Ethics Research Committee and permission to do the research was sought and given by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe. The findings of the study — explanatory stories — were produced through narrative analysis. These stories revealed substance abuse to be an occupation associated with both positive and negative consequences. Recovery from such abuse emerged as an ongoing occupational transition negotiated through participation in other occupations, and influenced by both personal and environmental factors. The way in which occupations were abandoned, modified and newly adopted during the process of this occupational transition is discussed. The construction and reconstruction of a positive occupational identity was seen as central to the process of occupational transition. The study concluded that engagement and participation in ‘engaging occupations’ was an intricate contributor to the recovery journey for young adult Zimbabwean men, and that narrative interviews should be used in generating data to explore the occupational nature of life and its events.
- ItemOpen AccessOccupation focused conceptual frameworks(2014-09-17) Ramafikeng, Matumo; Galvaan, Roshan; Van Niekerk, LanaConceptual frameworks are the core concepts of occupational therapy thinking used in practice by occupational therapy students, therapists and scientists. This module is a continuation of what students have covered in second year study at the University of Cape Town where they covered generic conceptual frameworks. This OT-focused module is therefore aimed at such users and occupational therapy training institutions that could make use of the information contained in this module.
- ItemMetadata onlyOccupation-based Community Development Framework(2014-08-21) Galvaan, Roshan; Peters, LieslThis is a free guide to practice for occupational therapists intending to apply critical occupational therapy. It provides an outline for occupational therapists to practice in community development from an occupational and development perspective. This resource provides an introductory framework for occupation-based community development for occupational therapy students and practitioners. It outlines the iterative phases of intervention and illustrates how this is applied by means of a case study. Since the resource is based on on-going research by the authors, further detail will be added in the form of articles that detail how the occupational constructs have been re-conceptualised and strategies applied to ensure contextually relevant practice.
- ItemOpen AccessThe perceptions of recreation officers towards the inclusion of visually impaired children within the City of Cape Town Come and Play Programme(2012) Bam, Armand; Galvaan, Roshan; Duncan, Eve MThe City of Cape Town Sport, Recreation and Amenities Department (COCT SRA) has drafted its own policy document on sport and recreation in order to align with national policy to guide efficient recreational service delivery. The COCT SRA should play a role in the development of all children within the communities it serves. The implementers of the recreational services thus play a vital role in ensuring efficient service delivery to all. The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of recreation officers regarding their contribution to enabling the inclusion of visually impaired children in the Come and Play Programme. Furthermore to illuminate potential barriers and facilitators to the inclusion of visually impaired children in order to facilitate policy implementation.
- ItemOpen AccessPerspectives of male mental health service users on their community integration following participation in a residential-based rehabilitation programme(2015) Gamieldien, Fadia; Duncan, Madeleine; Galvaan, RoshanCurrent re-engineering of primary mental health care in South Africa is directed towards providing a continuum of care for people with serious mental disorders in order to relieve the cost and resource burden of longterm hospitalisation. In the Western Cape, Healthcare 2030 has been adopted as the guiding vision for health system reform. Residential-based rehabilitation programmes have been introduced to assist mental health service users to improve their functioning in occupations of daily life so that they are better equipped to cope with community living. Problem: There is limited South African occupational therapy research into male mental health service users' perspectives on the contribution that residential-based rehabilitation programmes makes to their community integration, despite the high numbers of males using the service. Purpose: To inform public mental health services on the contribution of a residential-based rehabilitation programme to the community integration of men with serious mental disorders. Research question: How does participation in a residential-based rehabilitation programme contribute to the community integration of men with serious mental disorders? Objectives of the study: To identify what men with serious mental disorders consider community integration to be, and to describe the key elements within the residential-based rehabilitation programme that influenced their community integration. Research design and methodology: An instrumental case study design was used to guide the research methodology and five male participants were identified through purposive sampling. Observations, semi-structured interviews, community maps and document analysis w ere used as data collection tools. Data was audio-recorded and transcribed f or inductive and thematic cross-case analysis. Ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy and non-maleficence were upheld throughout the research process. Findings: One theme and three categories emerged in the findings. The theme, 'It's a catch-22 situation', comprises three categories, namely: 'It's not just what you call it'; 'There's no one size for all'; and 'It's tricky choosing between places to go and things to do'. Conclusion: Male mental health service users who participate in a residential-based rehabilitation programme will be better prepared for community integration if they are involved in co-constructing their recovery plan so that it is more personalised.
- ItemOpen AccessThe prevalence of health risk behaviours among high school learners in the city of Maseru, Lesotho(2010) Ramafikeng, Matumo; Galvaan, RoshanThis study was the first of its nature in Lesotho. Engagement in health risk behaviours is a public health concern, due to the consequences thereof. Concurrent engagement in risk behaviours has severe consequences on health and occupational abilities of the youth. The aim of the study was to establish and document the prevalence of risk behaviours among high school learners in the city of Maseru, Lesotho.
- ItemOpen AccessWomen's experiences of street trading in Cape Town and its impact on their well-being(2013) Sassen, Sharyn Ruth; Galvaan, Roshan; Duncan, MadeleineStreet trading forms a large subsection of South Africa's informal economic activity, creating opportunity for self-employment and sustaining livelihoods (Mitullah, 2003; Skinner, 2008). Yet, street traders face various barriers including societal marginalization and pervasive poverty, threatening their well-being. The scarcity of occupational therapy literature around informal economy occupations limits the profession's understanding about what engagement in such occupations entails. While available literature around work in the informal economy emphasises economic contributions to development, there is limited evidence that informal business owners effectively escape vulnerability. From an occupational perspective, little is known about how these occupations are experienced and their implications for well-being. This study will inform contextually relevant conceptions of participation in the informal economy occupation of street trade, providing necessary knowledge for social and political practices of occupational therapy. The study aimed to describe women street traders' experiences of street trading and, how they perceived these related to their well-being. The objectives were to identify personal and external factors that promoted or hindered their well-being whilst engaged in street trading. An ethnographic inquiry was carried out with four women street traders identified through purposive recruitment. It involved semi-structured and photo elicitation interviews, and participant observation. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for inductive and thematic cross case analysis and field notes were made following interviews and participant observation. One theme and three categories emerged in the findings. The theme, 'Togetherness: steering against the current towards a better life", revealed the impact of interpersonal connectedness as participants attempted to steer towards valued lives against various barriers. The first category, 'Taking the helm', described the women's actions to determine valued livelihoods. 'Facing tough conditions' detailed the personal and external barriers they encountered while attempting to direct their lives towards positive outcomes through street trading. The third category, 'We're in the same boat' demonstrated the significance and the positive and negative impact of interpersonal connectedness for street traders. Conclusively, the study revealed how the contextually situated nature of this occupation translated to nuanced and fluid experiences of wellbeing in street trading, where well-being was deeply tied to valued social connectedness and significance of collective well-being.
- ItemOpen AccessYoung adolescent girls' experiences of occupational engagement in Lavender Hill(2005) Wonnacott, Heather; Galvaan, RoshanIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 98-106).