Browsing by Author "Emmanuel, Andy"

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    A questionnaire for assessing breastfeeding intentions and practices in Nigeria: validity, reliability and translation
    (BioMed Central, 2017-06-07) Emmanuel, Andy; Clow, Sheila E
    Background: Validating a questionnaire/instrument (whether developed or adapted) before proceeding to the field for data collection is important. This article presents the modification of an Irish questionnaire for a Nigerian setting. The validation process and reliability testing of this questionnaire (which was used in assessing previous breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding intentions of pregnant women in English and Hausa languages) were also presented. Method: Five experts in the field of breastfeeding and infant feeding voluntarily and independently evaluated the instrument. The experts evaluated the various items of the questionnaire based on relevance, clarity, simplicity and ambiguity on a Likert scale of 4. The analysis was performed to determine the content validity index (CVI).Two language experts performed the translation and back-translation. Ten pregnant women completed questionnaires which were evaluated for internal consistency. Two other pregnant women completed the questionnaire twice at an interval of two weeks to test the reliability. SPSS version 21 was used to calculate the coefficient of reliability. Results: The content validity index was high (0.94 for relevance, clarity and ambiguity and 0.96 for simplicity). The analysis suggested that four of the seventy one items should be removed. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.81, while the reliability coefficient was 0.76. The emerged validated questionnaire was translated from English to Hausa, then, back-translated into English and compared for accuracy. Conclusion: The final instrument is reliable and valid for data collection on breastfeeding in Nigeria among English and Hausa speakers. Therefore, the instrument is recommended for use in assessing breastfeeding intention and practices in Nigeria.
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    Open Access
    Breastfeeding intentions and practices of women in Plateau State, Nigeria : a cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal clinics in selected hospitals
    (2014) Emmanuel, Andy; Clow, Sheila
    Breastfeeding exclusively for the first 6 months of a child’s life, and subsequently continuing to breastfeed until the child is 2 years old, potentially reduces maternal and child morbidity and mortality and has numerous benefits for mother and child. Infant feeding practices can change within a short period due to several modifiable factors. Underpinned by the Health Belief Model, this study attempted to identify the breastfeeding practices of women and the factors that influence these practices. The study also assessed mothers’ intentions to breastfeed the baby/infant following delivery of the current pregnancy.