Browsing by Author "Dzudie, Anastase"

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    Open Access
    Co-morbid cardiometabolic diseases among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon
    (2024) Ebasone, Peter Vanes; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Peer, Nasheeta; Dzudie, Anastase
    Background and Purpose: To investigate the effects and mediators of HIV infection and related treatment on the prevalence and incidence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and obesity in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Cameroon. Additionally, three systematic reviews were conducted to assess the global prevalence of hypertension, T2D, and obesity among ART-naïve PLWH; and to evaluate the methodological approaches to mediation analysis and handling missing data in studies on CMDs in PLWH. Methods: The study utilized data from 14,279 PLWH enrolled in the Cameroon arm of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA). Analyses comprised multinomial and binomial logistic regressions, causal mediation analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression. Systematic reviews were conducted by searching multiple databases, pooling the prevalence rates of hypertension, T2D, and obesity using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: In Cameroon, significant determinants of hypertension and T2D included age over 50 years, male sex, and overweight/obesity. ART use was linked to lower odds of T2D, and BMI partially mediated the relationship between ART use and hypertension. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 37.7% overall, and higher in females. Older age, female sex, and higher CD4 count were associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity, while current smoking was linked to reduced odds. The incidence rate of hypertension was 121.1 per 1,000 person-years, with older age, male sex, and overweight/obesity as predictors. ART exposure reduced the risk of hypertension. The systematic review with meta-analysis revealed a global prevalence of 13.6% for hypertension, 4.0% for T2D, and 12.3% for obesity among ART-naïve PLWH. The review on mediation analysis showed increased adoption of casual mediation frameworks but inconsistencies in reporting. The missing data review revealed both under reporting of missing data and how it was handled. Conclusion: The burden of CMDs in PLWH is significant, driven mainly by established risk factors. emphasizing the need for integrated healthcare strategies that address both HIV/AIDS and CMDs. It also underscores the importance of methodological rigor, which significantly impacts the interpretation and reliability of results.
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    Open Access
    Coincidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a semi-urban Cameroonian population: a cross-sectional study
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2014) Katte, Jean-Claude; Dzudie, Anastase; Sobngwi, Eugene; Mbong, Eta; Fetse, Gerard; Kouam, Charles; Kengne, Andre-Pascal
    BACKGROUND: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are increasingly common in population within Africa. We determined the rate of coincident diabetes and hypertension and assessed the levels of co-awareness, treatment and control in a semi-urban population in Cameroon. METHODS: A total of 1702 adults (967 women) self-selected from the community were consecutively recruited in Bafoussam (West region of Cameroon) during November 2012. Existing diabetes and hypertension and treatments were investigated and blood pressure and fasting blood glucose measured. Multinomial logistic regressions models were used to investigate the determinants of prevalent diabetes and hypertension. RESULTS: Age-standardized prevalence rates (95% confidence intervals) men vs. women were 40.4% (34.7 to 46.1) and 23.8% (20.4 to 27.2) for hypertension alone; 3.3% (1.5 to 5.1) and 5.6% (3.5 to 7.7) for diabetes alone; and 3.9% (2.6 to 5.2) and 5.0% (3.5 to 6.5) for hypertension and diabetes. The age-standardized awareness, treatment and control rates for hypertension alone were 6.5%, 86.4% and 37.2% for men, and 24.3%, 52.1% and 51.6% in women. Equivalent figures for diabetes alone were 35.4%, 65.6% and 23.1% in men and 26.4%, 75.5% and 33.7% in women; and those for hypertension and diabetes were 86.6%, 3.3% and 0% in men, and 74.7%, 22.6% and 0% in women. Sex, age and adiposity were the main determinants of the three conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Coincident diabetes and hypertension is as high as diabetes alone in this population, driven by sex, age and adiposity. Awareness, treatment and control remain unacceptably low.
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    Occupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in a Health District in Cameroon: Assessment of the Knowledge and Practices of Nurses
    (Public Library of Science, 2015) Aminde, Leopold Ndemnge; Takah, Noah Fongwen; Dzudie, Anastase; Bonko, Neville Mengnjo; Awungafac, George; Teno, Divine; Mbuagbaw, Lawrence; Sliwa, Karen
    BACKGROUND: Health care providers are at risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from occupational exposure, with nurses being the most vulnerable. There is no data on the awareness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among nurses in Cameroon. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, practices of nurses regarding PEP for HIV and their determinants in Cameroon. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and July 2013, and involved 80 nurses in a rural health district in the North West Region of Cameroon. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using the SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: In all, 73.7% of the participants had poor knowledge about PEP for HIV. Though many (83.8%) had heard about PEP, just 10 (12.5%) had received formal training on PEP for HIV. Only 24 (30%) and 20 (25%) knew the correct drug regimen and duration of treatment respectively. The majority (85%) considered themselves to be at risk of acquiring HIV at work, with 54 (67.5%) having experienced an exposure in the past, mainly while setting up intravenous lines (57.4%), recapping needles (37.0%) and during delivery (24.1%). Of those exposed, ten (18.9%) received PEP, which was started after 24 hours in 50%. In multivariable regression analyses, awareness of hospital policy [OR: 0.043 (0.005-0.404), p-value = 0.006] was associated with Good knowledge on PEP for HIV. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and practice of nurses on PEP for HIV in Cameroon is low. There is urgent need for training programmes and workshops to increase awareness, improve practice, and reduce the risk of HIV acquisition from work related activities among health care providers.