Browsing by Author "Dunn, Zelda"

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    Emissions trading as a policy option for greenhouse gas mitigation in South Africa
    (Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town., 2009) Tyler, Emily; du Toit, Michelle; Dunn, Zelda
    An emissions trading scheme (ETS) is based on the allocation of allowances to emit pollutants, which in the case of climate change are greenhouse gases. Allowances are allocated to a defined set of emitters, who are required to hold sufficient allowances to cover their emissions at the end of a compliance period, or face penalties. Scarcity is created in the scheme through the allocation of fewer allowances than emissions, resulting in emitters having to choose between reducing their emissions in line with their allowance allocations, or purchasing additional allowances to cover their excess emissions levels.
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    White certificates and white certificate trading schemes as greenhouse gas mitigation policy options for South Africa
    (Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town., 2009) Tyler, Emily; Dunn, Zelda; du Toit, Michelle
    A white certificate, which is also referred to as an Energy Saving Certificate (ESC), or an Energy Efficiency Credit (EEC), is an instrument awarded by an authorisation body to guarantee that a specific amount of energy savings has been achieved. Each certificate is a unique and traceable commodity carrying a property right over a certain amount of additional energy savings and certifying that the benefit of these savings has not been accounted for elsewhere (EuroWhiteCert Project, 2006).