OpenUCT :: Browsing by Author "Duma, Sinegugu"

Browsing by Author "Duma, Sinegugu"

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Open Access
Adaptation of the abuse assessment screening tool for midwives in northern Nigeria
(2019) Musa-Maliki, Ayishetu Uduoye; Duma, Sinegugu
The term „intimate partner violence‟ (IPV) is employed in this study to denote the physical, sexual, economic, and psychological or other harm directed against a pregnant woman by her partner or spouse. It affects both pregnant women and their unborn children, as both may suffer serious health consequences. The purpose of this study is to investigate midwives‟ current screening practice for IPV among pregnant women in a northern Nigerian hospital and to adapt the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) tool to aid midwives‟ screening practice. Qualitative data were collected from midwives in the antenatal clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria, in four phases using a panel longitudinal design as a guide. In the first phase non-participant observation and individual face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted with ten participants using an interview guide. In phase two non-participant observation of the same participants took place as pregnant women were screened with the original AAS tool for two months, then a focus group discussion was conducted in phase three. Thematic data analysis was carried out in all phases using Yin‟s five stages of analytical cycle and also guided by the conceptual framework of Wile‟s human technology model. In phase four the original AAS tool was modified based on the findings of phases two and three. Five themes emerged in phase one and four in phase three after triangulation of data from phase two. It was found that routine screening for IPV is not practiced by midwives in the research setting as a result of various factors, some internal and others external to them. The midwives also faced several challenges that discourage screening of pregnant women for IPV. Their suggested solutions to these challenges were also incorporated into a modified version of the original AAS tool after analysing the data. Thereafter the modified tool was given to the same participants to use and to confirm its suitability for IPV screening in phase four, and a theme emerged. With adequate education and training the internal factors hindering midwives‟ screening practice can be eliminated, while the external factors will need the intervention of hospital authorities to eliminate or mitigate their effects on screening.
Open Access
Barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care : a case study of a teaching hospital, Nigeria
(2014) Gimba, Solomon Musa; Duma, Sinegugu
Barriers to the provision of psychiatric nursing care have been reported worldwide, although literature on these barriers in Nigeria is limited. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, using the case study methodology. A sample of 12 participants was recruited for the study, comprising four key informants and eight study participants. The data collection methods included grand tour interviews with the key informants, in-depth interviews with key informants and other study participants and participant observation of all 12 participants. Content analysis was conducted. It yielded five themes related to barriers, namely: personal barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, relationship related barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, environmental barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, organisational barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care and “public” related barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care. The sixth theme: Motivators to provision of psychiatric nursing care despite barriers was discovered serendipitously. These findings are in line with previous findings of studies carried out in other settings. The study findings raise the need for management to value the psychiatric nurses, refrain from the use of derogatory statements and passing comments and place high value on the educational and career progression of the psychiatric nurses and the design of a therapeutic environment.
Open Access
Building communication interventions for children with severe disabilities on cultural resources: an action research enquiry
(2015) Geiger, Martha; Duma, Sinegugu; Lorenzo, Theresa
In South Africa, children with severe disabilities are often the most neglected in terms of planning and providing appropriate interventions. For those with severe communication disabilities, an additional lack is in the area of the basic human right to meaningful interactions and communication. Sustainable strategies to provide opportunities for basic communicative participation of these children are urgently sought. The focus of this study, grounded in the transformative paradigm, was on culturally determined processes that can increase and enrich the communicative participation of children with severe communication disabilities in an isiXhosa language and cultural context. The aims of the study were: * to identify culturally determined non-verbal and pragmatic elements of social interaction in an isiXhosa language context. * to identify culturally appreciative strategies to support the communicative participation of children with severe communication impairments in this context. The participants were 44 mothers and/or primary carers of children with severe cerebral palsy from an under-resourced peri-urban isiXhosa speaking context in the Western Cape. The method comprised an action research journey with iterative cycles of collaborative action, reflection and subsequent further planning with participants. Data collection included action reflection group sessions, reflective dialogues with the group facilitators, and participant observations. All data was qualitative. Data analysis included a process of in-group collaborative analysis and verification followed by reflective dialogues with the group facilitators and interpretive thematic content analysis. The findings included 12 action learning outcomes, from which two main themes were identified, directly responding to the two main aims of the study. Findings that were considered new were framed as three theses: Thesis 1: Relationships are the context and motivation for communicative participation: the social inclusion and non-ostracism of mothers need to be prioritised in order for them and their children to enjoy communicative participation. Thesis 2: The 'Middle Ground' is a valuable positionality in implementing transformative action learning as an intervention approach. Thesis 3: There is a need to reframe culture as a resource in supporting the communication development of children with severe communication disabilities. In conclusion, implications for clinical practice, for training, for policy planning and implementation and for further research are discussed. Practical suggestions for application by mothers and others caring for children with severe communication disabilities in similar contexts are included.
Open Access
The challenges facing parents and teachers of learners with intellectual disabilities in the transition from primary to high school in South Africa
(2008) McKinney, Victor John; Duma, Sinegugu
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of teachers and parents of learners with intellectual disabilties as the learners' progress to high school. In so doing, an understanding of how they coped with characteristics unique to inclusive education and adolescence in South Africa was gained.
Open Access
The costs and benefits of nurse migration to their families in Maseru, Lesotho
(2008) Ntlale, Matsola Evelyn; Duma, Sinegugu
Health professionals including nurses from developing countries are currently leaving their native countries at an alarming rate to work in other countries, especially developed countries. As such developing countries are faced with the depletion of skilled human resource and Lesotho is no exception in this regard. These nurses are leaving their families, however, the impact of nurse migration is not known on the families left behind. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of family members of migrating nurses with regard to the costs and benefits on their lives.
Open Access
Engaging male university student leaders in the adaptation process of the one man can intervention (OMCI) to inform sexual violence prevention strategies in student residences: a case study
(2016) De Villiers,Tania; Duma, Sinegugu; Abrahams, Naeema
Sexual violence is a human rights violation, which affects physical, sexual, reproductive, mental and social well-being. The overwhelming burden of sexual violence is borne mostly by women and children at the hands of men. The university environment is no exception, and the impacts of sexual violence on students are multiple and complex. The extent of sexual violence in universities in South Africa is largely unknown, but local media allude to its common occurrence. University residences have been identified as communities at risk for sexual violence globally, and recent developments in primary prevention interventions for sexual violence globally and in South Africa provide opportunities to address this issue among university students. The focus of this thesis was on primary prevention, recognising that men are part of the solution. Male university student leaders residing in residences were engaged in a participatory process of adapting the One Man Can Intervention, which is a South African community-based primary prevention intervention to address Gender Based Violence and spread of HIV infection. The One Man Can Intervention has never been adapted for use with university students and although numerous sexual violence prevention interventions have been implemented and found to be effective in higher education institutions in other developed countries, no primary prevention interventions have yet been reported within South African university residences. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the process of adaptation and implementation of the One Man Can Intervention with male university students to inform primary prevention strategies against sexual violence within university residences. A qualitative research methodology was used to conduct this study, using a case study design. Process evaluation was used to understand the case. Participants included 15 student leaders from five male university residences who participated in the series of workshops, which evolved into the adapted intervention. The study used focus groups, direct observations, participants' reflections and semi-structured interviews. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the data. The adaptation process led to development of a new intervention of six workshops, named by the participants 'Men With Conscience', which indicated ownership of the adapted intervention. The findings suggest that through participation in a series of six workshops, which addressed issues around gender norms and values, societal pressures for men's behaviour, understanding rape, bystander intervention and fostering healthy relationships, change was shown to be happening in the young men over the period of participation. Participants were challenged to think critically about sexual violence; they reflected on their role as men in prevention of sexual violence; they reached a turning point after they understood what rape meant and they called upon themselves to become accountable for prevention of sexual violence within the university structures and beyond. This case study and qualitative data provide some evidence of how men can engage in discussions to prevent sexual violence. The study concludes with seven recommendations: sexual violence prevention policies for the university setting; dedicated resources and funding for prevention of sexual violence interventions; incorporation of a public health approach to prevention of sexual violence; testing and implementation of the Men With Conscience model at universities in South Africa; curriculum development; and engagement of male students in prevention and training of student leaders on sexual violence.
Metadata only
Engaging male university student leaders in the adaptation process of the One Man Can Intervention (OMCI) to inform sexual violence prevention strategies in student residences: a case study
(2016) De Villiers, Tania; Duma, Sinegugu; Abrahams, Naeema
Sexual violence is a human rights violation, which affects physical, sexual, reproductive, mental and social well-being. The overwhelming burden of sexual violence is borne mostly by women and children at the hands of men. The university environment is no exception, and the impacts of sexual violence on students are multiple and complex. The extent of sexual violence in universities in South Africa is largely unknown, but local media allude to its common occurrence. University residences have been identified as communities at risk for sexual violence globally, and recent developments in primary prevention interventions for sexual violence globally and in South Africa provide opportunities to address this issue among university students. The focus of this thesis was on primary prevention, recognising that men are part of the solution. Male university student leaders residing in residences were engaged in a participatory process of adapting the One Man Can Intervention, which is a South African community-based primary prevention intervention to address Gender Based Violence and spread of HIV infection. The One Man Can Intervention has never been adapted for use with university students and although numerous sexual violence prevention interventions have been implemented and found to be effective in higher education institutions in other developed countries, no primary prevention interventions have yet been reported within South African university residences. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the process of adaptation and implementation of the One Man Can Intervention with male university students to inform primary prevention strategies against sexual violence within university residences. A qualitative research methodology was used to conduct this study, using a case study design. Process evaluation was used to understand the case. Participants included 15 student leaders from five male university residences who participated in the series of workshops, which evolved into the adapted intervention. The study used focus groups, direct observations, participants' reflections and semi-structured interviews. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the data. The adaptation process led to development of a new intervention of six workshops, named by the participants 'Men With Conscience', which indicated ownership of the adapted intervention. The findings suggest that through participation in a series of six workshops, which addressed issues around gender norms and values, societal pressures for men's behaviour, understanding rape, bystander intervention and fostering healthy relationships, change was shown to be happening in the young men over the period of participation. Participants were challenged to think critically about sexual violence; they reflected on their role as men in prevention of sexual violence; they reached a turning point after they understood what rape meant and they called upon themselves to become accountable for prevention of sexual violence within the university structures and beyond. This case study and qualitative data provide some evidence of how men can engage in discussions to prevent sexual violence. The study concludes with seven recommendations: sexual violence prevention policies for the university setting; dedicated resources and funding for prevention of sexual violence interventions; incorporation of a public health approach to prevention of sexual violence; testing and implementation of the Men With Conscience model at universities in South Africa; curriculum development; and engagement of male students in prevention and training of student leaders on sexual violence.
Open Access
Experiences of Botswana women diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer
(2008) Molefe, Tshireletso; Duma, Sinegugu
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Botswsana women who are diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and cervival cancer. A phenomenological descriptive qualitative research design was therefore appropriate to answer the research question.
Open Access
Experiences of registered nurses of their role in carrying out the induced sputum procedure in diagnosing childhood Tuberculosis
(2011) Isaacs, Whasiefa; Duma, Sinegugu; Mayers, Pat
Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease dating back at least 5000 years, but the TB epidemic is said to be getting worse than at any other time in history (Puri & John, 1997: 12). Someone is infected with TB every second, with a death from TB every 15 seconds, and one out of every three of these infections being in a child (Zar, Hanslo, Apolles, Swingler & Hussey, 2005: 130). The purpose of this study was to explore and describe registered nurses' experiences of their role with regard to the induced sputum procedure to diagnose childhood TB.
Open Access
An exploration of the role of the registered nurse in enhancing and developing the nursing skills of undergraduate nursing students in a surgical setting
(2014) Stevens, Gwynneth Roberta; FouchÃ©, Nicki; Duma, Sinegugu
Registered nurses in clinical settings, through years of training combined with experience, become empowered with valuable knowledge and skills. The majority of these registered nurses are employed in public hospitals, caring for patients from culturally diverse backgrounds who face economic, psycho-social, and, in particular, physical challenges. Such conditions often provide a rich environment to undergraduate nurses for experiential learning. The experienced registered nurses, working in this rich environment, are well positioned to fulfil a crucial role in transferring, developing and enhancing skills for educating undergraduate nursing students. Their role in the development of undergraduate nursing students in the clinical environment should never be underestimated or under-utilised. The clinical environment should be considered as the most important resource for developing the confidence and competencies of undergraduate nurses. It is within this background that this research study was undertaken. The aim of this research study was to contribute to the teaching and learning roles and functions of registered nurses working in the surgical wards at the study setting in terms of teaching undergraduate nursing students. The researcher intends to make certain recommendations for the improvement of teaching and learning for undergraduate nursing students in the clinical context. In addition to exploring the feelings and perceptions of registered nurses regarding their teaching role, the minor dissertation seeks to explore some of the misconceptions and challenges relating to the nature, extent and responsibilities of this teaching role. I therefore set out to answer the following research question: â€œHow do registered nurses at a Western Cape academic hospital perceive their teaching and learning role as clinical teachers?â€
Open Access
Factors contributing to primary care givers' delay in presenting children with chronic kidney disease for medical care in Ghana
(2017) Amoah, Abigail; Duma, Sinegugu
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children has become a public health problem in Ghana. The researcher observed that the primary care givers of these children present them late for medical care. This ignited the researcher to conduct this study to identify factors that contribute to primary care givers' delay in seeking early medical care for children with CKD. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the factors that contribute to primary care givers' delay in presenting children who suffer from CKD for medical care in Ghana. A descriptive qualitative design was used to answer the research question: What factors contribute to primary care givers' delay in presenting children with CKD for medical care in Ghana? Convenience sampling was used to recruit ten primary care givers of children admitted for CKD at the Paediatric Renal Unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews and field notes were used to collect data. The thematic data analysis approach of Colaizzi (1978) was used, and the ecological model of Schneider (2017) assisted in organising themes and subthemes. The themes which emerged are: intrapersonal-related factors contributing to delay; interpersonal-related factors contributing to delay; community-related factors contributing to delay; and political-related factors contributing to delay. These were directly related to the research question. A fifth theme which emerged serendipitously is the perceived need for community awareness about CKD. The findings revealed that intrapersonal, interpersonal, community and political level factors influence primary care givers' decisions in seeking medical care for their children. At intrapersonal level factors that played a role were personal attitudes and beliefs; primary care givers' beliefs in traditional medicine as a cure for CKD; their lack of knowledge on CKD and its management; primary care givers' financial constraints; and their beliefs in ancestral spiritual powers for healing. At interpersonal level factors included primary care givers' lack of family support and marital conflicts. At community level factors included primary care givers' delayed referral from the local health facility; incorrect advice received from family and neighbours on management; mismanagement of the disease at the local health facility; and misdiagnosis by neighbours. At political level the distance of the primary care givers' homes from the hospital can contribute to delays. One of the recommendations of the study is development and implementation of a national referral policy for CKD patients to guide health practitioners at the districts. Early referral for appropriate treatment of children with CKD can slow progression of the disease and prevent early mortality. Awareness campaigns need to be developed and implemented by the Ghana Kidney Association to provide health educational programmes for health professionals and communities. Further research using a larger sample or quantitative research methods is also recommended, to gain a better understanding of the factors contributing to delays in presentation of children with CKD in Ghana.
Open Access
A grounded theory of the Kenya human interaction model for mental health nursing practice
(2016) Wagoro, Miriam Carole Atieno; Duma, Sinegugu; Mayers, Pat; Chitere, Preston
Background: Although mental disorders is of great public health concern among Kenyan populations, mental health services remain poor. Some of the reasons attributed to delivery of poor mental health services are unfavourable work environment and lack of policy guidelines including a conceptual model of nursing.Quality of mental health nursing care significantly impacts on general mental health services in Kenya since they are predominantly provided by nurses. Lack of a model to guide care and improve mental health services created the need to develop the Kenyan Human Interaction Model for mental health nursing practice. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to discover and develop a Kenyan model for mental health nursing guided by two research questions, namely: What are the views of Kenyan mental health nurses with regards to human being, environment, mental health nursing and mental health: What is the appropriate model for mental health nursing practice in Kenya? Methodology: Straussian Grounded Theory method was used in the study. Data were collected for 6 months through in-depth interviews with 33 registered mental health nurses selected by open, purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Inductive and deductive data analysis of the nurses' description of their views and recommendations on the nursing metaparadigms were done Findings: A substantive theory of the Kenyan Human Interaction Model for mental health nursing practice was developed .The four metaparadigm concepts of the discovered theory are: 1. Human being as a unique biopsychosocio-spiritual being and causal condition 2. Environment consisting of homely and hostile dimensions 3. Mental health nursing as a holistic care founded on human interaction 4. Mental health (consequence of holistic care) with optimum and illness dimensions. Mental health nursing was discovered as the central phenomena interacting with its causal, contexts and intervening conditions to determine the mental health dimension of the human being. The quality of mental health nursing determines the mental health dimensions and is influenced by the environment and nurses' characteristics as contexts and intervening conditions respectively. These interactions lead to consequences discovered as optimum mental health. The Kenya Human Interaction Model for mental health nursing practice is customized to the Kenyan situation and contributes knowledge which is relevant to mental health nursing practitioners, students, educators and administrators.
Open Access
Implementation of problem-based learning in nursing education: a Malawian case study
(2013) Giva, Karen Rose Nsandu; Duma, Sinegugu
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a teaching and learning approach that is known to facilitate life-long learning, problem solving, self-directed learning, critical thinking skills and student motivation (Hung, Jonassen & Liu 2006:486; Ehrenberg & Haggblom 2007:67). It is also renowned for the promotion and integration of knowledge. PBL was introduced in Malawian nursing education six years ago; however, its implementation apparently has been very slow throughout the country. The primary purpose of this study was to explore, analyse and describe characteristics that facilitated implementation of PBL in the identified college as a case study. The secondary purpose was to utilise the data gathered from the identified college as a case study to identify a set of critical factors that could guide implementation of PBL in nursing education in Malawi. This was an exploratory and descriptive qualitative case study using an ethnographic approach and guided by the theoretical framework of sociotechnical systems. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the college, nine participants and documents for review. Three data sources were utilised: semi-structured interviews, participant observation and document reviews. Ethnographic data analysis was done following the four steps of data analysis as described by Spradley (1979), and trustworthiness was ensured utilising the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba. Four themes emerged as characteristics that enhanced implementation of PBL: having a goal to achieve, resources for the organisation, influence on the organisation, and critical success factors. These four themes had the following subthemes and categories: (i) having a goal - subthemes were; producing life-long learners, review of the curriculum, gradual introduction of PBL and embracing the PBL. (ii) Resources for the organisation – subthemes were; committed management and leadership, skills development of staff, having staff with the same values, additional staff, having technological and material resources, and staff knowledge of the curriculum. (iii) Influences on the organisation – subthemes were; social influence, economic influence and political influence. (iv) Critical success factors – subthemes were; staff involvement in planning and communication, motivation and commitment of staff, collaboration with other colleges and organisations, and recognition of the need for change.
Open Access
Injustice to transsexual women in a hetero-normative healthcare system
(AOSIS OpenJournals, 2014) Newman-Valentine, Douglas D.; Duma, Sinegugu
Background: Transsexual women who are on the journey of sexual re-alignment will experience various health problems. These problems are related directly to the treatment regime that they are following in order to attain and maintain their physical embodiment as a woman. They are forced to negotiate a hetero-normative healthcare system in order to receive assistance and care for their health problems related to their sexual re-alignment process. Aim: The questions posed were: What are the unique health problems that transsexual women experience whilst on the journey of sexual re-alignment? What is the current context of the South African healthcare system in which transsexual women should negotiate healthcare? These questions were asked in order to explore the health problems with which transsexual women are faced and to describe the hetero-normative healthcare system in South Africa. Method: An electronic literature search was executed via the EBSCO host with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search words that were used were: Transsexual/s and Health/Healthcare. All studies had to be peer reviewed and published in the English language, from January 1972 up until February 2013. Literature on transsexual children was excluded. Results: Transsexual women have the potential to suffer significant side-effects from their sexual re-alignment treatment, including cardio-vascular problems, endocrine problems and mental ill-health. They are also vulnerable to HIV infection. They have poor access to quality holistic healthcare and this may lead an increase in the mortality and morbidity figures of women. Conclusion: A hetero-normative healthcare system has a negative impact on the health of transsexual women and will cause them to be marginalised. This could contribute to both homo and trans-phobia that will in turn strengthen the belief that transsexual women are un-African.
Open Access
Nurses' practice of the integration of family planning and HIV prevention services in Ntcheu District, Malawi
(2018) Ngala, Lapani Chisi; Duma, Sinegugu
Nurses in Malawi are in the forefront of service provision for HIV prevention and family planning. However, not much is known about how nurses actually practice the integration of family planning and HIV prevention services as prescribed by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in Malawi. There is recognition that integration of HIV and reproductive health service delivery is needed to support women's and men's reproductive health needs, and to push the HIV epidemic back, with the goal of achieving an HIV-free generation and to meet several of the Millennium Development Goals (UNAIDS, 2010:21). The purpose of the study is to explore and describe nurses' practice in the integration of family planning and HIV prevention services in Ntcheu district, Malawi. The research question was 'How do nurses' practice the integration of family planning and HIV prevention services in Malawi, Ntcheu district?'. Use was made of Cabana et al.'s (1999) modified model of assessing facilitators and barriers to knowledge use as the theoretical framework that guided the study. A descriptive qualitative case study design was deemed appropriate to answer the research question. Semi-structured interviews and field notes were used to collect data. The sample consisted of 10 nurses who had undergone training in both family planning and HIV prevention services. Purposive sampling techniques were used for selection of participants. The five steps for carrying out interpretative content analysis outlined by Blanche, Durrheim and Painter (2006) were used. These include familiarisation and immersion, coding, induction of themes, elaboration, and interpretation and checking. This yielded eight themes related to family planning and HIV prevention integration practice, namely: facilitation of access and acceptability of comprehensive integration of family planning and HIV prevention services; educating and counselling clients; early detection of HIV among women of childbearing age; personal and professional benefits of integrating family planning and HIV prevention services (positive attitude); resentment of integration of family planning and HIV prevention services (negative attitude); policy-related barriers; human resource-related barriers; and competence-related barriers. The nurses at Ntcheu District Hospital, Malawi, practice the integration of HIV and family planning services effectively according to integration of family planning and HIV prevention guidelines, despite challenges such as inadequate human resources and lack of policies and guidelines at the clinic. It is therefore recommended that Ntcheu hospital management team adopts and implements task shifting of certain nursing duties to volunteers, in order to promote integration of family planning and HIV prevention services. This recommendation is based on the example of Tanzania, where Pathfinder International worked with district health management teams and health facility staff to recruit and train a volunteer cadre that initially provided only home-based HIV care and testing services (Banzi et al., 2011). It is therefore recommended that refresher courses and mentorship programmes be developed and implemented in order to improve nurses' competencies in the integration of family planning and HIV prevention services in Ntcheu district, Malawi. A large-scale quantitative study is recommended in order to generate data that will be representative of all family planning clinics in Malawi.
Open Access
Perceptions of risk and protective factors associated with dating violence by female students at the University Of Benin, Nigeria
(2017) Aigbodion, Agatha Omokhefe; Duma, Sinegugu
Dating violence has been reported globally as a public health and socio-cultural issue affecting millions of female university students in dating relationships. The serious health implications can affect academic performance and the total wellbeing of the individual and the society. Literature on risk and protective factors for dating violence among students at universities is limited in Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of risk and protective factors for dating violence among female students at the University of Benin, Nigeria, using a case study methodology. In this study, a sample of 90 participants was recruited to participate in nine focus groups. Data were collected through focus group discussions. Thematic content analysis was employed to analyse the data, which yielded 24 themes. These were grouped according to the four levels of the socio-ecological framework: individual, interpersonal, community and societal level factors regarding risk of and protection from dating violence among female students. Thirteen themes were identified under risk factors for dating violence among female students, while 11 were identified under protective factors. Individual level risk factors included alcohol and substance abuse, poor interpersonal skills, poor control of emotions, possessiveness and risky sexual behavior. Interpersonal level risk factors included negative childhood experiences, influence from others and clash in belief systems between partners. Community level risk factors included patriarchy and violence in the community, and societal level risk factors included the influence of technology on relationships, absence of regulations to protect women from abuse and poverty. Individual level protective factors included maturity and self-knowledge/acceptance before dating, self-protective behaviours and control. Interpersonal level protective factors included having elders as good role models, trusting relationships, mutual respect between partners and an open relationship and transparency between partners. The community level protective factors included cultural norms to reduce violence and the university response, while societal level protective factors included public awareness and laws to protect women from violence. The findings raise the need for the university management and other stakeholders on campus to develop community awareness campaigns around healthy dating relationships among partners, and to improve the practice of dating violence prevention. Policy makers in Nigeria can use the findings to develop policies and regulations to address dating violence and other forms of violence on Nigerian campuses.
Open Access
Student nurses' experience of the operating theatre as a clinical learning environment in Lesotho
(2013) Motseki, Ellen 'Maliapa; Duma, Sinegugu
Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Open Access
Transexual woman on the journey of sexual re-alignment in a hetero-normative healthcare system in the Western Cape
(2015) Newman-Valentine, Douglas David-John; Duma, Sinegugu
The purpose of this study was to understand the life-world of transsexual women in relation to their awareness of their unique health needs as a direct result of sexual realignment treatment, and their health-seeking behaviours, practices and experiences of responses in negotiating health care for their transgender-related health needs in the healthcare system. The overarching question asked in this research was: What are the lived experiences, and meaning of these experiences, for transsexual women during the sexual-realignment process when negotiating health care for their transgender-related healthcare needs in the healthcare system? Participants in this study were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten participants selected from urban, peri-urban, and rural areas of the Western Cape. Theoretical saturation was reached with the tenth participant, and further selection of participants was ceased. The data was viewed through a trans-inclusive feminist lens with a concurrent collection and analysis process as guided by the steps of analysis of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), as developed by Smith (2010). IPA is a modern qualitative approach to research inquiry which harnesses the strengths of phenomenology, hermeneutics, and ideography. The analysed data were illustrated in a master theme graphic which contained one superordinate theme, two subordinate themes and various categories. The superordinate theme of this study was named "Towards organic Womanhood", while the two subordinate themes were coined "Embracing Womanhood", and "Facing the Giant in order to Become". The subordinate theme Embracing Womanhood gives insight into aspects of transsexual women's journey of moving towards a state of organic womanhood, whereas the subordinate theme Facing the Giant in order to Become maps out powers in the healthcare system which prevent transsexual women from having a smooth transition journey. This study illustrates that transsexual women have a need to align their bodies with their gender identities, but even though South Africa has legislation which protects the health and rights of transsexual women, transsexual women find it challenging to make the transition. Health practitioners are ill-equipped to manage transsexual women, the care which they receive in the government-funded healthcare system is of a poor standard, and they are4subjected to extremely long waiting periods to have access to surgical sexual realignment services. Recommendations are made for the healthcare system, policy makers and educational institutions in order to stimulate the South African healthcare system to become inclusive and affirming to the needs of transsexual women. Furthermore, recommendations for researchers are made to stimulate the debate around transsexual health care in the scientific literature.
Open Access
Validation of an African picture types chart for vision testing of preliterate children in rural Botswana
(2008) Lesowa, Oageng Edrick; Kyriacos, Una; Duma, Sinegugu
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-77).
Open Access
Validation of the use of short message service (SMS) as a training tool for anaesthetic nurses
(2015) Duys, Rowan Alexander; Duma, Sinegugu; Dyer, Robert A
Background: Anaesthetic nurses form a critical part of the team providing peri-operative care to patients, but no accredited training exists for them in South Africa. In this setting, without a formal training programme, short in-service training interventions are a pragmatic attempt at improving nurse performance and patient outcomes. Traditional didactic teaching formats have limitations, and mLearning (the use of mobile telephones to facilitate education) has proven equivalent or superior to traditional teaching methods in several settings. Despite very high levels of mobile phone ownership amongst healthcare workers in Africa, this form of educational delivery has not been tested in the hospital-based nursing population. Methods: A telephonic True/False Pre-Test was performed with 12 nurses of varying levels of training, to assess their pre-existing knowledge of anaesthesia. A pre-learning package was then delivered to them in the form of daily SMSâ€™s for a month covering relevant anaesthesia content. A telephonic post-intervention test was performed to assess if anaesthesia theory knowledge had improved. Results: Median test scores were compared using a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and were statistically higher in the post-intervention test: 83,3% (IQR 66,7-86,7) vs. 70% (IQR 66,7-71,7) (p=0,018). Conclusions: The results show that knowledge scores of hospital-based anaesthetic nurses can be improved using training by SMS, thus validating the use of the mobile phone as a cheap, widely accessible and effective educational vehicle.