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Browsing by Author "Lawn, Stephen D"

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Antiretroviral therapy for prevention of tuberculosis in adults with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Suthar, Amitabh B ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Del Amo, Julia ; Getahun, Haileyesus ; Dye, Christopher ; Sculier, Delphine ; Sterling, Timothy R ; Chaisson, Richard E ; Williams, Brian G ; Harries, Anthony D Date: 2012 In a systematic review and meta-analysis, Amitabh Suthar and colleagues investigate the association between antiretroviral therapy and the reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis in adults with HIV infection. Read more c b
Antiretroviral treatment cohort analysis using time-updated CD4 counts: assessment of bias with different analytic methods

Author: Kranzer, Katharina ; Lewis, James J ; White, Richard G ; Glynn, Judith R ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Middelkoop, Keren ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Wood, Robin Date: 2011 BACKGROUND: Survival analysis using time-updated CD4+ counts during antiretroviral therapy is frequently employed to determine risk of clinical events. The time-point when the CD4+ count is assumed to change potentially biases effect estimates ... Read more c b
Are the effects of isoniaid preventive therapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy additive in preventing HIV-associated tuberculosis

Author: Wood, Robin ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Bekker, Linda-Gail Date: 2009 Golub et al. [1] recently reported a retrospective analysis of rates of incident tuberculosis (TB) in a large observational cohort of 2778 patients accessing HIV care in rural and urban South Africa. The TB incidence rate was highest [7.1/100 ... Read more
Are the effects of isoniaid preventive therapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy additive in preventing HIV-associated tuberculosis

Author: Wood, Robin ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Bekker, Linda-Gail Date: 2009 Golub et al. [1] recently reported a retrospective analysis of rates of incident tuberculosis (TB) in a large observational cohort of 2778 patients accessing HIV care in rural and urban South Africa. The TB incidence rate was highest [7.1/100 ... Read more
Blood neutrophil counts in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: association with sputum mycobacterial load

Author: Kerkhoff, Andrew D ; Wood, Robin ; Lowe, David M ; Vogt, Monica ; Lawn, Stephen D Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that neutrophils play a role in the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis . We determined whether neutrophil counts in peripheral blood are associated with tuberculosis (TB) and with mycobacterial ... Read more c b
Burden of new and recurrent tuberculosis in a major South African city stratified by age and HIV-status

Author: Wood, Robin ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Caldwell, Judy ; Kaplan, Richard ; Middelkoop, Keren ; Bekker, Linda-Gail Date: 2011 Aim: To describe the burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Cape Town by calculating TB incidence rates stratified by age and HIV-status, assessing the contribution of retreatment disease and estimating the cumulative lifetime TB risk in HIV-negative ... Read more c b
Corneal endothelial cells provide evidence of accelerated cellular senescence associated with HIV infection: a case-control study

Author: Pathai, Sophia ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Shiels, Paul G ; Weiss, Helen A ; Cook, Colin ; Wood, Robin ; Gilbert, Clare E Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Cellular senescence may be a key factor in HIV-related premature biological aging. We assessed features of the corneal endothelium that are known to be associated with biological aging, and cellular senescence markers in HIV-infected ... Read more c b
Cost effectiveness of cryptococcal antigen screening as a strategy to prevent HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in South Africa

Author: Jarvis, Joseph N ; Harrison, Thomas S ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Meintjes, Graeme ; Wood, Robin ; Cleary, Susan Date: 2013 Objectives Cryptococcal meningitis (CM)-related mortality may be prevented by screening patients for sub-clinical cryptococcal antigenaemia (CRAG) at antiretroviral-therapy (ART) initiation and pre-emptively treating those testing positive. ... Read more c b
Feasibility, yield, and cost of active tuberculosis case finding linked to a mobile HIV service in Cape Town, South Africa: a cross-sectional study

Author: Kranzer, Katharina ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Meyer-Rath, Gesine ; Vassall, Anna ; Raditlhalo, Eudoxia ; Govindasamy, Darshini ; Van Schaik, Nienke ; Wood, Robin ; Bekker, Linda-Gail Date: 2012 Katharina Kranzer and colleagues investigate the operational characteristics of an active tuberculosis case-finding service linked to a mobile HIV testing unit that operates in underserviced areas in Cape Town, South Africa. Read more c b
High prevalence of self-reported undiagnosed HIV despite high coverage of HIV testing: a cross-sectional population based sero-survey in South Africa

Author: Kranzer, Katharina ; van Schaik, Nienke ; Karmue, Unice ; Middelkoop, Keren ; Sebastian, Elaine ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Wood, Robin ; Bekker, Linda-Gail Date: 2011 Objectives: To measure HIV prevalence and uptake of HIV counseling and testing (HCT) in a peri-urban South African community. To assess predictors for previous HIV testing and the association between the yield of previously undiagnosed HIV ... Read more c b
Increasing transfers-out from an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa: patient characteristics and rates of virological non-suppression

Author: Nglazi, Mweete D ; Kaplan, Richard ; Orrell, Catherine ; Myer, Landon ; Wood, Robin ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Lawn, Stephen D Date: 2013 Objectives: To determine the proportion, characteristics and outcomes of patients who transfer-out from an antiretroviral therapy (ART) service in a South African township. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all patients aged ... Read more c b
Indoor social networks in a South African township: potential contribution of location to tuberculosis transmission

Author: Wood, Robin ; Racow, Kimberly ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Morrow, Carl ; Middelkoop, Keren ; Mark, Daniella ; Lawn, Stephen D Date: 2012 BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that in South Africa, with a generalized tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, TB infection is predominantly acquired indoors and transmission potential is determined by the number and duration of social contacts made in ... Read more c b
Linkage to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy in Cape Town, South Africa

Author: Kranzer, Katharina ; Zeinecker, Jennifer ; Ginsberg, Philip ; Orrell, Catherine ; Kalawe, Nosindiso N ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Wood, Robin Date: 2010 BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been scaled-up rapidly in Africa. Programme reports typically focus on loss to follow-up and mortality among patients receiving ART. However, little is known about linkage and retention in care of ... Read more c b
Management of HIV-associated tuberculosis in resource-limited settings: a state-of-the-art review

Author: Lawn, Stephen D ; Meintjes, Graeme ; McIlleron, Helen ; Harries, Anthony D ; Wood, Robin Date: 02 Dec 2013 The HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) epidemic remains a huge challenge to public health in resource-limited settings. Reducing the nearly 0.5 million deaths that result each year has been identified as a key priority. Major progress has been ... Read more c b
Predicting the long-term impact of antiretroviral therapy scale-up on population incidence of tuberculosis

Author: Dodd, Peter J ; Knight, Gwenan M ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Corbett, Elizabeth L ; White, Richard G Date: 2013 Objective To investigate the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on long-term population-level tuberculosis disease (TB) incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We used a mathematical model to consider the effect of different assumptions ... Read more c b
Prevalent and incident tuberculosis are independent risk factors for mortality among patients accessing antiretroviral therapy in South Africa

Author: Gupta, Ankur ; Wood, Robin ; Kaplan, Richard ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Lawn, Stephen D Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Patients with prevalent or incident tuberculosis (TB) in antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa have high mortality risk. However, published data are contradictory as to whether TB is a risk factor for ... Read more c b
Prognostic value of a quantitative analysis of lipoarabinomannan in urine from patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis

Author: Kerkhoff, Andrew D ; Wood, Robin ; Vogt, Monica ; Lawn, Stephen D Date: 2014 BACKGROUND: Detection of the mycobacterial cell wall antigen lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine can be used to diagnose HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) using a qualitative (positive/negative) read-out. However, it is not known whether the ... Read more c b
Rates of switching antiretroviral drugs in a primary care service in South Africa before and after introduction of tenofovir

Author: Njuguna, Christine ; Orrell, Catherine ; Kaplan, Richard ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Wood, Robin ; Lawn, Stephen D Date: 2013 Introduction Antiretroviral changes (single drug substitutions and regimen switches) limit treatment options and introduce challenges such as increased cost, monitoring and adherence difficulties. Patterns of drug substitutions and regimen ... Read more c b
Retinal arterioles narrow with increasing duration of anti-retroviral therapy in HIV infection: a novel estimator of vascular risk in HIV?

Author: Pathai, Sophia ; Weiss, Helen A ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Peto, Tunde ; D'Costa, Leris M ; Cook, Colin ; Wong, Tien Y ; Gilbert, Clare E Date: 2012 Objectives HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of age-related morbidity mediated by immune dysfunction, atherosclerosis and inflammation. Changes in retinal vessel calibre may reflect cumulative structural damage arising from ... Read more c b
Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and contrast sensitivity in HIV-infected individuals in South Africa: a case-control study

Author: Pathai, Sophia ; Lawn, Stephen D ; Weiss, Helen A ; Cook, Colin ; Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Gilbert, Clare E Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has altered the spectrum of HIV-related eye disease, resulting in a lower prevalence of retinal opportunistic infections (OIs). However, abnormalities in visual function have been reported in ... Read more c b

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