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Browsing by Author "Cohen, Karen"

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A comparison of self-report and antiretroviral detection to inform estimates of antiretroviral therapy coverage, viral load suppression and HIV incidence in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

Author: Huerga, Helena ; Shiferie, Fisseha ; Grebe, Eduard ; Giuliani, Ruggero ; Farhat, Jihane B ; Van-Cutsem, Gilles ; Cohen, Karen Date: 29 Sep 2017 Background: Accurately identifying individuals who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important to determine ART coverage and proportion on ART who are virally suppressed. ART is also included in recent infection testing algorithms used ... Read more c b
Adverse drug reactions in South African patients receiving bedaquiline-containing tuberculosis treatment: an evaluation of spontaneously reported cases

Author: Jones, Jackie ; Mudaly, Vanessa ; Voget, Jacqueline ; Naledi, Tracey ; Maartens, Gary ; Cohen, Karen Date: 20 Jun 2019 Background Bedaquiline was recently introduced into World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended regimens for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis. There is limited data on the long-term safety of bedaquiline. Because ... Read more
AGREE to disagree: critical appraisal and the publication of practice guidelines

Author: Wiseman, Roger ; Cohen, Karen ; Gray, Andy ; Jamaloodien, Khadija ; Kredo, Tamara ; Miot, Jacqui ; Parrish, Andy ; Taylor, Bettina ; Blockman, Marc Date: 2014 Faced by an explosion in available evidence for multiple new treatments, busy clinicians value guidelines that are clear, reliable, unbiased and locally applicable. Finding them can be difficult, however. The science of guideline development ... Read more
Antiretroviral therapy in a community clinic - early lessons from a pilot project

Author: Bekker, Linda-Gail ; Orrell, Catherine ; Reader, Larissa ; Matoti, Larissa ; Cohen, Karen ; Martell, Rob ; Abdullah, Fareed ; Wood, Robin Date: 2003 Objectives. To report on operational and clinical problems encountered during the first 6 months of a community-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme. Methods. ART was implemented in a primary care setting utilising an easily replicable ... Read more c b n
Antiretroviral therapy, especially Efavirenz, is associated with low bone mineral density in HIV-infected South Africans

Author: Dave, Joel A ; Cohen, Karen ; Micklesfield, Lisa K ; Maartens, Gary ; Levitt, Naomi S Date: 2015 Purpose We determined the prevalence and correlates of low bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected South Africans as there is a paucity of such data from Africa. METHODS: BMD and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured in HIV-positive ... Read more c b
Cases of antiretroviral-associated gynaecomastia reported to the National HIV & Tuberculosis Health Care Worker Hotline in South Africa

Author: Njuguna, Christine ; Swart, Annoesjka ; Blockman, Marc ; Maartens, Gary ; Chisholm, Briony ; Stewart, Annemie ; Uys, Anri ; Cohen, Karen Date: 16 Nov 2016 Background: Gynaecomastia is associated with exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART), in particular efavirenz. There is limited data on clinical characteristics of patients with ART-associated gynaecomastia in resource-limited settings and ... Read more
The clinical role of therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretrovirals : a Cochrane systematic review

Author: Kredo, Tamara Date: 2008 The objective of this study is to evaluate whether ARV TDM reduces mortality and morbidity of adult patients on cART. Read more
Common infections - local and systematic

Author: Wilson, Douglas ; Cohen, Karen Date: 2004 The 6th edition of Price’s A Textbook of the Practice of Medicine was published in 1941, a few years before penicillin came into general clinical use. Common infectious diseases are meticulously described and the characteristics of the infecting ... Read more
Comparison of six methods to estimate adherence in an ART-naïve cohort in a resource-poor setting: which best predicts virological and resistance outcomes?

Author: Orrell, Catherine ; Cohen, Karen ; Leisegang, Rory ; Bangsberg, David R ; Wood, Robin ; Maartens, Gary Date: 04 Apr 2017 Background: Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in virologic failure and resistance. It remains unclear which adherence measure best predicts these outcomes. We compared six patient-reported and objective adherence ... Read more
Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads

Author: Kariuki, Samuel M ; Selhorst, Philippe ; Norman, Jennifer ; Cohen, Karen ; Rebe, Kevin ; Williamson, Carolyn ; Dorfman, Jeffrey R Date: 05 Mar 2020 Abstract Background Several reports indicate that a portion (5–10%) of men living with HIV-1 intermittently shed HIV-1 RNA into seminal plasma while on long term effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is highly suggestive of an HIV-1 ... Read more
Effect of rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy on nevirapine plasma concentrations in South African adults with HIV-associated tuberculosis

Author: Cohen, Karen Date: 2013 Sub-Saharan Africa is overwhelmed by dual epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infection. Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for first-line ... Read more
The impact of the National HIV Health Care Worker Hotline on patient care in South Africa

Author: Chisholm, Briony ; Cohen, Karen ; Blockman, Marc ; Kinkel, Hans-Friedemann ; Kredo, Tamara ; Swart, Annoesjka Date: 2011 BACKGROUND:South Africa has a huge burden of illness due to HIV infection. Many health care workers managing HIV infected patients, particularly those in rural areas and primary care health facilities, have minimal access to information ... Read more c b
Liver Injury in HIV-positive Patients on Antituberculosis and/or Antiretroviral Therapy – Assessing Causality

Author: Gunter, Hannah May Date: 2022 Background We compared performance of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) with multidisciplinary expert panel review in identifying a drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to antituberculosis therapy (ATT) and/or antiretroviral ... Read more
Morbidity from antiretroviral metabolic effects in Africa: The Mama Study

Author: Karamchand, Sumanth Date: 2017 Introduction: Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has considerably reduced both the morbidity and mortality of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and its associated complications, thus effectively transforming a fatal disease ... Read more
N-Acetylcysteine for non-paracetamol drug-induced liver injury: A systemic review

Author: Chughlay, Mohamed Farouk Date: 2016 Aims: There are limited therapeutic options for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). N-acetylcysteine (NAC ) is known to be of benefit in management of DILI due to paracetamol overdose and may also be useful in the management of non-paracetamol ... Read more
N-acetylcysteine for non-paracetamol drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review protocol

Author: Chughlay, Mohamed ; Kramer, Nicole ; Werfalli, Mahmoud ; Spearman, Wendy ; Engel, Mark E ; Cohen, Karen Date: 2015 BACKGROUND: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) refers to acute or chronic liver injury that may occur as a consequence of using drugs and herbal or dietary supplements. Specific therapies for DILI are limited. There is considerable evidence for ... Read more c b
Safety and effectiveness of colistin compared with tobramycin for multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections

Author: Gounden, Ronald Date: 2009 Background: Nosocomial infections due to multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are often treated with colistin, but there are few data comparing its safety and effectiveness with other antimicrobials, particularly the aminoglycosides. ... Read more
Serious adverse drug reactions at two children’s hospitals in South Africa

Author: Mouton, Johannes P ; Fortuin-de Smidt, Melony C ; Jobanputra, Nicole ; Mehta, Ushma ; Stewart, Annemie ; de Waal, Reneé ; Technau, Karl-Günter ; Argent, Andrew ; Kroon, Max ; Scott, Christiaan ; Cohen, Karen Date: 04 Jan 2020 Abstract Background The high HIV prevalence in South Africa may potentially be shaping the local adverse drug reaction (ADR) burden. We aimed to describe the prevalence and characteristics of serious ADRs at admission, and during admission, ... Read more
A survey of the availability of palliative care drugs to patients served by the public sector in the Knysna Health sub-district

Author: Stanford, Janet Date: 2005 The research aimed to assess the availability of palliative care drugs to patients served by the public sector in the Knysna Health district. The population of approximately 50 000 is served by a Hospice organisation which offers home-based ... Read more
Systematic review of antiretroviral-associated lipodystrophy: lipoatrophy, but not central fat gain, is an antiretroviral adverse drug reaction

Author: de Waal, Reneé ; Cohen, Karen ; Maartens, Gary Date: 2013 BACKGROUND: Lipoatrophy and/or central fat gain are observed frequently in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Both are assumed to be antiretroviral adverse drug reactions. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to determine whether ... Read more c b

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